Changes in cognition and mortality in relation to exercise in late life: a population based study.
Changes in cognition and mortality in relation to exercise in late life: a population based study.
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与锻炼有关的认知和死亡率的变化：基于人群的研究。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0003124
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发表时间：
2008-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Rockwood K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Middleton LE;Mitnitski A;Fallah N;Kirkland SA;Rockwood K
平均而言，认知能力随着年龄的增长而下降，但这个平均值隐藏着相当大的可变性，包括改善的机会。在这里，我们调查了运动是如何与老年人的认知变化和死亡率联系在一起的，特别是，运动是否会通过延长人们的寿命而矛盾地增加患痴呆症的风险。在加拿大健康与老龄化研究（CSHA）中，在CSHA-1中测量了基线认知和运动的8403人中，有2219人死亡，5376人在CSHA-2中重新检查。我们使用参数马尔可夫链模型来估计认知改善、下降和死亡的概率，并根据年龄和教育程度进行调整，从任何认知状态（由修改后的迷你精神状态检查测量）。高锻炼者（每周至少三次，强度至少与步行相同，n = 3264）在5年内比低锻炼者/不锻炼者（所有其他锻炼者和非锻炼者，n = 4331） （27.8% (95% CI 26.4-29.2)）更频繁地稳定或改善认知（42.3%，95%置信区间：40.6-44.0）。随着基线认知能力的恶化，差异也随之扩大。认知能力下降的比例在高锻炼者中较高，但在运动组之间更为相似(高锻炼者为39.4% (95% CI 37.7-41.1)，而其他组为34.8% （95% CI 33.4-36.2）。不运动的人也更容易死亡（37.5% （95% CI 36.0-39.0）对18.3% (95% CI 16.9-19.7)）。即便如此，运动对认知基线最高的人的死亡率也有最大的好处。锻炼与提高认知能力密切相关。由于运动的大多数死亡率效益是在认知水平最高的人群中产生的，并且随着认知水平的下降而下降，因此运动的净效应应该是在人群水平上提高认知水平，即使更多的人活得更长。
On average, cognition declines with age but this average hides considerable variability, including the chance of improvement. Here, we investigate how exercise is associated with cognitive change and mortality in older people and, particularly, whether exercise might paradoxically increase the risk of dementia by allowing people to live longer. In the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA), of 8403 people who had baseline cognition measured and exercise reported at CSHA-1, 2219 had died and 5376 were re-examined at CSHA-2. We used a parametric Markov chain model to estimate the probabilities of cognitive improvement, decline, and death, adjusted for age and education, from any cognitive state as measured by the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination. High exercisers (at least three times per week, at least as intense as walking, n = 3264) had more frequent stable or improved cognition (42.3%, 95% confidence interval: 40.6–44.0) over 5 years than did low/no exercisers (all other exercisers and non exercisers, n = 4331) (27.8% (95% CI 26.4–29.2)). The difference widened as baseline cognition worsened. The proportion whose cognition declined was higher amongst the high exercisers but was more similar between exercise groups (39.4% (95% CI 37.7–41.1) for high exercisers versus 34.8% (95% CI 33.4–36.2) otherwise). People who did not exercise were also more likely to die (37.5% (95% CI 36.0–39.0) versus 18.3% (95% CI 16.9–19.7)). Even so, exercise conferred its greatest mortality benefit to people with the highest baseline cognition. Exercise is strongly associated with improving cognition. As the majority of mortality benefit of exercise is at the highest level of cognition, and declines as cognition declines, the net effect of exercise should be to improve cognition at the population level, even with more people living longer.
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影响因子：
7.2
作者：
McDowell, I;Kristjansson, B;Hebert, R
通讯作者：
Hebert, R
影响因子：
--
作者：
Laurin, D;Verreault, R;Rockwood, K
通讯作者：
Rockwood, K
DOI：
10.1093/gerona/60.8.1046
发表时间：
2005-08-01
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Goggins, WB;Woo, J;Ho, SC
通讯作者：
Ho, SC
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Mitnitski, Arnold;Rockwood, Kenneth
通讯作者：
Rockwood, Kenneth
DOI：
10.1017/s0959259807002353
发表时间：
2007-02-01
期刊：
REVIEWS IN CLINICAL GERONTOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Rockwood, Kenneth;Mitnitski, Arnold
通讯作者：
Mitnitski, Arnold