The biogenesis and function of PIWI proteins and piRNAs: progress and prospect.
The biogenesis and function of PIWI proteins and piRNAs: progress and prospect.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.cellbio.24.110707.175327
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
11.3
通讯作者：
Lin H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thomson T;Lin H
进化上保守的Argonaute/PIWI（AGO/PIWI; a.k.a. PAZ-PIWI结构域（或PPD）蛋白家族对于小的非编码RNA（ncRNA）的生物发生和功能至关重要。该家族可分为AGO和PIWI亚家族。AGO蛋白普遍存在于各种组织中。它们与小干扰RNA（siRNA）和microRNA（miRNA）结合。相反，PIWI蛋白主要存在于生殖系中，并与一类称为PIWI相互作用RNA（piRNA）的新型小RNA相关联。已经在哺乳动物、斑马鱼和果蝇中发现了数万种皮尔纳种类，通常为24-32个核苷酸长。大多数piRNA似乎是由少量的长单链RNA前体产生的，这些前体通常由基因组中的重复基因间序列编码。PIWI蛋白在许多后生动物物种的生殖系发育和配子发生过程中起着至关重要的作用，从生殖系确定和生殖系干细胞维持到减数分裂、精子发生和转座子沉默。这些不同的功能可能涉及piRNA，并且可以通过表观遗传和转录后调节的新机制来实现。
The evolutionarily conserved Argonaute/PIWI (AGO/PIWI; a.k.a. PAZ-PIWI Domain, or PPD) family of proteins is crucial for the biogenesis and function of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). This family can be divided into AGO and PIWI subfamilies. The AGO proteins are ubiquitously present in diverse tissues. They bind to small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). In contrast, the PIWI proteins are predominantly present in the germline, and associate with a novel class of small RNAs known as PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). Tens of thousands of piRNA species, typically 24-32 nucleotide long, have been found in mammals, zebrafish, and Drosophila. Most piRNAs appear to be generated from a small number of long single-stranded RNA precursors that are often encoded by repetitive intergenic sequences in the genome. PIWI proteins play crucial roles during germline development and gametogenesis of many metazoan species, from germline determination and germline stem cell maintenance to meiosis, spermiogenesis, and transposon silencing. These diverse functions may involve piRNAs, and may be achieved via novel mechanisms of epigenetic and post-transcriptional regulation.
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