Environmental change and variability influence niche evolution of isolated natural populations

Environmental change and variability influence niche evolution of isolated natural populations
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环境变化和变异影响孤立自然种群的生态位演化

DOI:
10.1007/s10113-019-01534-3
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
4.2
通讯作者:
T. Hovestadt
T. Hovestadt
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sieger;M. M. P. Cobben;T. Hovestadt

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大多数生物面临着多变的环境条件。科普这种变化的策略是,对冲、分散或容忍。具有温度或其他环境特征的系统趋势,例如,在气候变化的情况下,物种也面临着选择压力,以适应不断变化的最佳环境。在这里,我们模拟了不同情景下孤立种群的生态位最优和宽度(耐受性)的演变:(1)环境条件是静态的(恒定的平均值和标准差;控制)或遵循(2)平均值,(3)方差或(4)两者的趋势,模拟气候变化的预测影响。耐受性与最大生育力(适应性)相权衡。结果表明,只要变化不进行得太快,种群可以在平均条件下进化地跟踪趋势。然而,由于与扩大容差相关的固有权衡,方差的增加可能更有害。事实上,对于任何给定的权衡,耐受性的进化存在一个理论上的上限:如果环境变化变得太大,种群就不能进化出足够的耐受性,从而灭绝。如果存在这里假设的权衡,则永远不能无限期地跟踪增加的方差。重要的是,气候变化模型往往只关注平均气温上升的影响。在这里,我们表明,包括环境方差的预计增加可能会大大改变结果。
Most organisms face variable environmental conditions. Strategies to cope with such variation are e.g., bet-hedging, dispersal, or tolerance. With a systematic trend in temperature or other environmental characteristics, e.g., under climate change, species also experience selection pressure towards a changing environmental optimum. Here, we simulate the evolution of niche optimum and width (tolerance) in isolated populations, under different scenarios: (1) environmental conditions are static (constant mean and standard deviation; control) or follow a trend in (2) the mean, (3) the variance, or (4) in both, simulating the predicted effects of climate change. Tolerance trades off against maximum fertility (fitness). Results show that populations can evolutionarily track a trend in mean conditions as long as change does not proceed too fast. An increase in variance, however, can be more detrimental, due to the inherent trade-offs associated with enlarging tolerance. Indeed, for any given trade-off, a theoretical upper boundary exists for the evolution of tolerance: if environmental variance becomes too large, populations cannot evolve sufficient tolerance and go extinct. An increasing variance can never be tracked indefinitely if a trade-off as assumed here exists. Importantly, climate change models often focus on the impact of increasing mean temperatures only. Here, we show that including the projected increase in environmental variance may change results considerably.
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