A trans-kingdom T6SS effector induces the fragmentation of the mitochondrial network and activates innate immune receptor NLRX1 to promote infection.

A trans-kingdom T6SS effector induces the fragmentation of the mitochondrial network and activates innate immune receptor NLRX1 to promote infection.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-023-36629-3
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发表时间:
2023-02-16
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Bengoechea, Jose A.
Bengoechea, Jose A.
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sa-Pessoa, Joana;Lopez-Montesino, Sara;Przybyszewska, Kornelia;Rodriguez-Escudero, Isabel;Marshall, Helina;Ova, Adelia;Schroeder, Gunnar N.;Barabas, Peter;Molina, Maria;Curtis, Tim;Cid, Victor J.;Bengoechea, Jose A.

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细菌可以通过使用 VI 型分泌系统 (T6SS) 注入效应器来抑制其他细菌的生长。 T6SS 效应器也可以注射到真核细胞中,以促进细菌存活,通常是通过靶向细胞骨架来实现。在这里,我们证明来自肺炎克雷伯菌的跨界抗菌 T6SS 效应子 VgrG4 触发线粒体网络的断裂。 VgrG4 与内质网 (ER) 蛋白线粒体融合蛋白 2 共定位。VgrG4 诱导 Ca2+ 从 ER 转移到线粒体,激活 Drp1(线粒体裂变的调节因子),从而导致线粒体网络断裂。 Ca2+ 升高还会诱导先天免疫受体 NLRX1 的激活,产生活性氧 (ROS)。 NLRX1 诱导的 ROS 通过调节 NF-κB 抑制剂 IκBα 的降解来限制 NF-κB 激活。 IκBα 的降解由泛素连接酶 SCFβ-TrCP 触发,需要 NEDD8 修饰 cullin-1 亚基。 VgrG4 通过灭活 Ubc12(NEDD8 结合酶)来废除 cullin-1 的 NEDDylation。我们的工作提供了一个通过改变线粒体来 T6SS 操纵真核细胞的例子。细菌可以通过使用 VI 型分泌系统 (T6SS) 注射效应器来影响其他细菌和真核细胞的细胞过程。在这里,萨-佩索阿等人。描述来自细菌病原体肺炎克雷伯菌的 T6SS 效应子如何触发真核细胞中线粒体网络的断裂。
Bacteria can inhibit the growth of other bacteria by injecting effectors using a type VI secretion system (T6SS). T6SS effectors can also be injected into eukaryotic cells to facilitate bacterial survival, often by targeting the cytoskeleton. Here, we show that the trans-kingdom antimicrobial T6SS effector VgrG4 from Klebsiella pneumoniae triggers the fragmentation of the mitochondrial network. VgrG4 colocalizes with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein mitofusin 2. VgrG4 induces the transfer of Ca2+ from the ER to the mitochondria, activating Drp1 (a regulator of mitochondrial fission) thus leading to mitochondrial network fragmentation. Ca2+ elevation also induces the activation of the innate immunity receptor NLRX1 to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). NLRX1-induced ROS limits NF-κB activation by modulating the degradation of the NF-κB inhibitor IκBα. The degradation of IκBα is triggered by the ubiquitin ligase SCFβ-TrCP, which requires the modification of the cullin-1 subunit by NEDD8. VgrG4 abrogates the NEDDylation of cullin-1 by inactivation of Ubc12, the NEDD8-conjugating enzyme. Our work provides an example of T6SS manipulation of eukaryotic cells via alteration of the mitochondria. Bacteria can affect cellular processes in other bacteria and in eukaryotic cells by injecting effectors using a type VI secretion system (T6SS). Here, Sá-Pessoa et al. describe how a T6SS effector from the bacterial pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae triggers the fragmentation of the mitochondrial network in eukaryotic cells.
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