Degenerate PCR Primers to Reveal the Diversity of Giant Viruses in Coastal Waters.

Degenerate PCR Primers to Reveal the Diversity of Giant Viruses in Coastal Waters.
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DOI:
10.3390/v10090496
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发表时间:
2018-09-13
期刊:
Viruses
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Ogata H
Ogata H
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Li Y;Hingamp P;Watai H;Endo H;Yoshida T;Ogata H

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“巨病毒科”是一个被提出的感染单细胞真核生物的巨型病毒家族。这些病毒在海洋中普遍存在,并通过其裂解感染循环对海洋微生物群落结构和动态产生影响。然而,由于宏基因组中巨病毒科序列的检测很少,以及用于设计该病毒组特异性引物的参考序列的限制,它们的多样性和病毒学特征很差。在这里,我们提出了一套82简并引物(称为MEGAPRIMER),靶向DNA聚合酶基因(polB)的巨病毒科。MEGAPRIMER基于来自测序基因组和宏基因组的921个巨病毒科polB设计。通过将该引物组应用于沿海海水样品的环境DNA元条形码,我们报告了5595个Megaviridae的非单一操作分类单位(OTU),核苷酸序列同一性为97%。发现大多数OTU形成不同的进化枝,其与已知病毒如Mimivirus在遗传学上远缘相关。在本研究中检测到的巨病毒科OTU的数量超过了在先前的个别研究中鉴定的巨型病毒OTU超过一个数量级。因此,MEGAPRIMER代表了一个有用的工具,研究在自然环境中的群体水平上的巨病毒科的多样性。
“Megaviridae” is a proposed family of giant viruses infecting unicellular eukaryotes. These viruses are ubiquitous in the sea and have impact on marine microbial community structure and dynamics through their lytic infection cycle. However, their diversity and biogeography have been poorly characterized due to the scarce detection of Megaviridae sequences in metagenomes, as well as the limitation of reference sequences used to design specific primers for this viral group. Here, we propose a set of 82 degenerated primers (referred to as MEGAPRIMER), targeting DNA polymerase genes (polBs) of Megaviridae. MEGAPRIMER was designed based on 921 Megaviridae polBs from sequenced genomes and metagenomes. By applying this primer set to environmental DNA meta-barcoding of a coastal seawater sample, we report 5595 non-singleton operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of Megaviridae at 97% nucleotide sequence identity. The majority of the OTUs were found to form diverse clades, which were phylogenetically distantly related to known viruses such as Mimivirus. The Megaviridae OTUs detected in this study outnumber the giant virus OTUs identified in previous individual studies by more than an order of magnitude. Hence, MEGAPRIMER represents a useful tool to study the diversity of Megaviridae at the population level in natural environments.
Biopython:用于计算分子生物学和生物信息学的免费 Python 工具。
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