Toward a neurobiology of delusions.

Toward a neurobiology of delusions.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.06.007
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发表时间:
2010-11
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Krystal, J. H.
Krystal, J. H.
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Corlett, P. R.;Taylor, J. R.;Wang, X. -J.;Fletcher, P. C.;Krystal, J. H.

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妄想是一种错误的、常常是不可救药的信念,会导致精神疾病的严重痛苦。我们还不能用潜在的神经生物学异常来解释它们。然而,通过利用强化学习、记忆和感知的生物学、计算和心理学过程的最新进展,从认知和大脑功能的角度来解释妄想可能是可行的。这个解释集中在一个特定的参数上,即预测误差--期望和经验之间的不匹配--它提供了一种计算机制,这种机制在皮层层级、额纹状体回路、杏仁核和顶叶皮层中是共同的。我们认为,妄想是由大脑回路如何指定分层预测以及它们如何计算和响应预测错误的畸变引起的。这些基本大脑机制的缺陷可能会损害感知,记忆,身体代理和社会学习,使患有妄想症的人体验到健康人难以理解的内部和外部世界。本模型试图提供一个框架,通过它我们可以建立一个机制和翻译的理解这些令人困惑的症状。
Delusions are the false and often incorrigible beliefs that can cause severe suffering in mental illness. We cannot yet explain them in terms of underlying neurobiological abnormalities. However, by drawing on recent advances in the biological, computational and psychological processes of reinforcement learning, memory, and perception it may be feasible to account for delusions in terms of cognition and brain function. The account focuses on a particular parameter, prediction error – the mismatch between expectation and experience – that provides a computational mechanism common to cortical hierarchies, frontostriatal circuits and the amygdala as well as parietal cortices. We suggest that delusions result from aberrations in how brain circuits specify hierarchical predictions, and how they compute and respond to prediction errors. Defects in these fundamental brain mechanisms can vitiate perception, memory, bodily agency and social learning such that individuals with delusions experience an internal and external world that healthy individuals would find difficult to comprehend. The present model attempts to provide a framework through which we can build a mechanistic and translational understanding of these puzzling symptoms.
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