Towards a mechanistic approach for the development of non‐invasive brain‐computer interfaces for motor rehabilitation
Towards a mechanistic approach for the development of non‐invasive brain‐computer interfaces for motor rehabilitation
复制标题
开发用于运动康复的非侵入性脑机接口的机械方法
DOI：
10.1113/jp281314
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Farina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Mrachacz‐Kersting;J. Ibáñez;D. Farina
专为运动康复设计的脑机接口（BCIs）使用与运动处理状态相关的大脑信号，以状态依赖的方式引导神经可塑性变化。这些技术具有独特的优势，可以在人类运动神经系统中诱导有针对性的、功能相关的可塑性变化。然而，虽然一些研究表明基于 BCI 的神经调节干预措施可以改善中枢神经系统病变患者的运动功能，但 BCI 干预措施针对的神经生理结构和过程尚未确定。在这篇综述中，我们首先总结了当前与学习新运动技能相关的中枢神经系统变化的知识。然后，我们根据所促进的预期神经可塑性变化，提出了对可塑性诱导和运动康复的当前 BCI 范式的分类。该分类基于两个标准提出了四种范式：可塑性诱导方法和目标大脑状态。详细讨论了有关这些不同脑机接口针对的大脑回路和过程的现有证据。拟议的分类旨在作为未来研究的起点，试图阐明 BCI 干预后潜在的塑料变化。
Brain‐computer interfaces (BCIs) designed for motor rehabilitation use brain signals associated with motor‐processing states to guide neuroplastic changes in a state‐dependent manner. These technologies are uniquely positioned to induce targeted and functionally relevant plastic changes in the human motor nervous system. However, while several studies have shown that BCI‐based neuromodulation interventions may improve motor function in patients with lesions in the central nervous system, the neurophysiological structures and processes targeted with the BCI interventions have not been identified. In this review, we first summarize current knowledge of the changes in the central nervous system associated with learning new motor skills. Then, we propose a classification of current BCI paradigms for plasticity induction and motor rehabilitation based on the expected neural plastic changes promoted. This classification proposes four paradigms based on two criteria: the plasticity induction methods and the brain states targeted. The existing evidence regarding the brain circuits and processes targeted with these different BCIs is discussed in detail. The proposed classification aims to serve as a starting point for future studies trying to elucidate the underlying plastic changes following BCI interventions.
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