Predicting opioid use disorder before and after the opioid prescribing peak in the United States: A machine learning tool using electronic healthcare records.

Predicting opioid use disorder before and after the opioid prescribing peak in the United States: A machine learning tool using electronic healthcare records.
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在美国的阿片类药物处方峰之前和之后预测阿片类药物使用障碍:使用电子医疗记录的机器学习工具。

DOI:
10.1177/14604582231168826
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发表时间:
2023-04
影响因子:
3
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
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随着阿片类药物处方率的下降,现有的阿片类药物使用障碍 (OUD) 预测模型可能会发生变化。利用退伍军人管理局的 EHR 数据,我们开发了新 OUD 诊断的机器学习预测模型,并根据患者特征预测 2000-2012 年和 2013-2021 年新 OUD 诊断的能力对患者特征的重要性进行了排名。利用患者特征,三种独立的机器学习技术在预测 OUD 方面具有可比性,准确率达到 > 80%。使用随机森林分类器,阿片类药物处方特征(例如提前续药和处方时长)始终位列预测新 OUD 的前五个因素之列。年龄较小与新 OUD 呈正相关,年龄较大与新 OUD 呈负相关。年龄分层显示,既往药物滥用和酒精依赖对于预测年轻患者的 OUD 更有影响力。与 2013-2021 年相比,2000-2012 年与新 OUD 相关的一系列因素没有显着差异。阿片类药物处方的特征是预测阿片类药物处方率峰值之前和之后新 OUD 的最有影响力的变量。预测模型应针对年龄组进行定制。需要进一步的研究来确定机器学习模型在针对其他患者亚组定制时是否表现更好。
Existing predictive models of opioid use disorder (OUD) may change as the rate of opioid prescribing decreases. Using Veterans Administration’s EHR data, we developed machine-learning predictive models of new OUD diagnoses and ranked the importance of patient features based on their ability to predict a new OUD diagnosis in 2000–2012 and 2013–2021. Using patient characteristics, the three separate machine learning techniques were comparable in predicting OUD, achieving an accuracy of >80%. Using the random forest classifier, opioid prescription features such as early refills and length of prescription consistently ranked among the top five factors that predict new OUD. Younger age was positively associated with new OUD, and older age inversely associated with new OUD. Age stratification revealed prior substance abuse and alcohol dependency as more impactful in predicting OUD for younger patients. There was no significant difference in the set of factors associated with new OUD in 2000–2012 compared to 2013–2021. Characteristics of opioid prescriptions are the most impactful variables that predict new OUD both before and after the peak in opioid prescribing rates. Predictive models should be tailored to age groups. Further research is warranted to determine if machine learning models perform better when tailored to other patient subgroups.
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