Neuroimaging Metrics of Drug and Food Processing in Cocaine-Dependence, as a Function of Psychopathic Traits and Substance Use Severity.
Neuroimaging Metrics of Drug and Food Processing in Cocaine-Dependence, as a Function of Psychopathic Traits and Substance Use Severity.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2018.00350
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Shane MS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Denomme WJ;Simard I;Shane MS
先前的研究表明，精神病特征通常与物质使用障碍共病。此外，神经影像学和心理测量学的研究结果表明，精神病特质可能使个体对药物产生敏感的奖励反应。鉴于物质使用障碍的特点是对药物奖励相对于非药物奖励的神经认知偏见，这是可能的，提高精神病特征可能会进一步倾向于这种处理偏见。为了评估这种可能性，我们评估了105名缓刑犯/假释犯的精神病特征（使用PCL-R测量），并评估了PCL-R评分，药物使用的终身持续时间和对药物的神经反应偏差之间的关系-与食物相关的视频相比。精神病特征（可能由人际/情感特征驱动）与右杏仁核和左杏仁核内的药物>食物反应呈正相关。此外，精神病特征调节了左背内侧前额叶皮层、右前额叶和左尾状核内药物使用与药物>食物反应之间的关系。具体而言，药物使用的寿命与药物>食物反应性呈正相关，在参与者中具有较低水平的精神病特征，并与药物>食物反应性呈负相关，在个体中具有较高水平的精神病特征。这些结果有助于调和之前关于精神病和药物刺激处理的研究，并为精神病特征是药物使用障碍的潜在风险因素的观点提供神经认知支持。这些结果表明，不同的治疗方案的物质滥用的个人与较高或较低水平的精神病可能是有益的，并表明，减少神经认知偏见药物相关的刺激可能提供有用的目标，为未来的治疗方案。
Previous studies suggest that psychopathic traits commonly present as comorbid with substance use disorders. Moreover, neuroimaging and psychometric findings suggest that psychopathic traits may predispose individuals to a sensitized reward response to drugs. Given that substance use disorders are characterized by a neurocognitive bias toward drug-reward relative to non-drug reward, it is possible that heightened psychopathic characteristics may further predispose to this processing bias. To evaluate this possibility, we assessed psychopathic traits (measured using the PCL-R) in 105 probationers/parolees and evaluated the relationship between PCL-R scores, lifetime duration of drug use, and biases in neural response to drug- compared to food-related videos. Psychopathic traits (potentially driven by interpersonal/affective traits) were positively correlated with drug > food reactivity within the right insula and left amygdala. In addition, psychopathic traits modulated the relationship between drug use and drug > food reactivity within the left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, right insula, and left caudate nucleus. Specifically, lifetime duration of drug use correlated positively with drug > food reactivity in participants with lower levels of psychopathic traits and correlated negatively with drug > food reactivity in individuals with higher levels of psychopathic traits. These results help reconcile prior studies on psychopathy and drug-stimulus processing and provide neurocognitive support for the notion that psychopathic traits serve as an underlying risk factor for substance use disorders. These results suggest that different treatment regimens for substance abuse for individuals with higher or lower levels of psychopathy may be beneficial and suggest that reduction of neurocognitive biases to drug-related stimuli may offer useful targets for future treatment protocols.
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影响因子：
25
作者：
Buckholtz, Joshua W.;Treadway, Michael T.;Cowan, Ronald L.;Woodward, Neil D.;Benning, Stephen D.;Li, Rui;Ansari, M. Sib;Baldwin, Ronald M.;Schwartzman, Ashley N.;Shelby, Evan S.;Smith, Clarence E.;Cole, David;Kessler, Robert M.;Zald, David H.
通讯作者：
Zald, David H.
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Colins OF;Andershed H;Pardini DA
通讯作者：
Pardini DA
影响因子：
6
作者：
Carter, BL;Tiffany, ST
通讯作者：
Tiffany, ST
影响因子：
2
作者：
Carré JM;Hyde LW;Neumann CS;Viding E;Hariri AR
通讯作者：
Hariri AR
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Cauffman, Elizabeth;Kimonis, Eva R.;Monahan, Kathiyn C.
通讯作者：
Monahan, Kathiyn C.