Unveiling the role and life strategies of viruses from the surface to the dark ocean.
Unveiling the role and life strategies of viruses from the surface to the dark ocean.
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DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.1602565
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发表时间：
2017-09
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Duarte CM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lara E;Vaqué D;Sà EL;Boras JA;Gomes A;Borrull E;Díez-Vives C;Teira E;Pernice MC;Garcia FC;Forn I;Castillo YM;Peiró A;Salazar G;Morán XAG;Massana R;Catalá TS;Luna GM;Agustí S;Estrada M;Gasol JM;Duarte CM
病毒活动在全球热带和亚热带海洋的暗海中发挥着特别重要的作用。病毒是海洋生态系统的关键组成部分，但由于缺乏数据，尤其是深海数据，无法对其在调节微生物群落和碳通量方面的全球作用进行评估。我们评估了病毒丰度和产量的模式，以及病毒裂解作为原核生物死亡率驱动因素的作用，从表面到深海层，横跨热带和亚热带海洋。海洋中上层和中上层的病毒丰度存在显着差异，但深中层的病毒丰度没有显着差异，并且随着深度的增加而降低，平均幂律标度指数为-1.03 km−1，从上层的平均 7.76 × 106 个病毒 ml−1 到深中层的 0.62 × 106 个病毒 ml−1，平均积分（0 到 4000 m）约0.004至0.044 g C m−2的病毒储备，其中一半发现于775 m以下。在地表水中，溶原性病毒的产量高于裂解性病毒的产量，而在深海中则相反，其中病毒引起的原核生物死亡率估计比放牧高 60 倍。游离病毒在深海的周转时间为0.1天，表明深海病毒具有高度动态性。根据原核细胞裂解率，我们估计病毒在全球热带和亚热带海洋中释放了 145 Gt Cyear−1。这里报道的活跃病毒过程证明了病毒在暗海中产生溶解有机碳的重要性，这是碳循环的主要途径。
Viral activity exerts a particularly important role in the dark ocean across the global tropical and subtropical oceans. Viruses are a key component of marine ecosystems, but the assessment of their global role in regulating microbial communities and the flux of carbon is precluded by a paucity of data, particularly in the deep ocean. We assessed patterns in viral abundance and production and the role of viral lysis as a driver of prokaryote mortality, from surface to bathypelagic layers, across the tropical and subtropical oceans. Viral abundance showed significant differences between oceans in the epipelagic and mesopelagic, but not in the bathypelagic, and decreased with depth, with an average power-law scaling exponent of −1.03 km−1 from an average of 7.76 × 106 viruses ml−1 in the epipelagic to 0.62 × 106 viruses ml−1 in the bathypelagic layer with an average integrated (0 to 4000 m) viral stock of about 0.004 to 0.044 g C m−2, half of which is found below 775 m. Lysogenic viral production was higher than lytic viral production in surface waters, whereas the opposite was found in the bathypelagic, where prokaryotic mortality due to viruses was estimated to be 60 times higher than grazing. Free viruses had turnover times of 0.1 days in the bathypelagic, revealing that viruses in the bathypelagic are highly dynamic. On the basis of the rates of lysed prokaryotic cells, we estimated that viruses release 145 Gt C year−1 in the global tropical and subtropical oceans. The active viral processes reported here demonstrate the importance of viruses in the production of dissolved organic carbon in the dark ocean, a major pathway in carbon cycling.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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