The obesogenic environment around elementary schools: food and beverage marketing to children in two Mexican cities.
The obesogenic environment around elementary schools: food and beverage marketing to children in two Mexican cities.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12889-018-5374-0
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发表时间：
2018-04-07
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Cifuentes E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barquera S;Hernández-Barrera L;Rothenberg SJ;Cifuentes E
不健康的环境和食品广告是儿童肥胖的主要决定因素。最近的法规禁止在墨西哥的学校吃不健康的食物。然而，目前没有任何规定限制接触学校周围的食品营销。因此，我们的目标是分析两个城市60所小学周围的食品广告行为的特点，并评估是否符合泛美卫生组织（PAHO）的建议和当地食品行业自律营销守则。数据收集于2012年10月至2013年3月期间。从墨西哥的两个城市随机抽取了一批小学。利用地理信息系统，我们在每所学校周围画了一个直径100米的缓冲区。经过培训的人员获得照片来评估食品广告的位置和类型。我们的研究结果按学校类型和遵守泛美卫生组织和行业建议的指标进行了分层。我们开发了一个多元负二项回归模型来确定预测学校周围广告数量的因素。公立学校周围的广告数量显著高于私立学校周围（6.5 ± 5.6 vs. 2.4 ± 3.5，p < 0.05）。印刷海报是最常见的营销媒介（97%），主要展示含糖饮料，甜面包，糖果和瓶装水。30%的印刷海报中包含促销信息，如特价或礼品。食品广告通常符合行业建议（83%），但不符合泛美卫生组织（32%）（p < 0.001）。我们的研究结果支持监测致肥胖环境和确定政策工具的重要性，以保护儿童免受食品营销不仅在学校内，而且在他们周围，特别是在低收入社区。
Unhealthy environments and food advertisements are major determinants of childhood obesity. Recent regulation has banned unhealthy foods from schools in Mexico. However, currently there is no regulation limiting exposure to food marketing around schools. Thus, our objective was to analyze the characteristics of food advertising practices around 60 elementary schools in two cities and to evaluate compliance with the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) recommendations and the local food industry self-regulatory marketing code. Data were collected during the period of October 2012 to March 2013. A random sample of elementary schools was selected from two Mexican cities. Using geographic information systems, we drew a 100-m-diameter buffer around each school. Trained personnel obtained photographs to assess the locations and types of food advertisements. Our results were stratified by school type and by indicators of compliance with the PAHO and industry recommendations. We developed a multivariate negative binomial regression model to determine factors predicting the number of advertisements around schools. The number of advertisements was significantly higher around public schools than around private schools (6.5 ± 5.6 vs. 2.4 ± 3.5, p < 0.05). Printed posters were the most common type of marketing medium (97%), showing mostly sugar-sweetened beverages, sweet breads, candies, and bottled water. Promotions, such as special prices or gifts, were included on 30% of printed posters. Food advertising practices were often in compliance with industry recommendations (83%) but not with those from the PAHO (32%) (p < 0.001). Our results support the importance of monitoring the obesogenic environment and identifying policy tools to protect children from food marketing not only inside schools but also around them, particularly in lower income communities.
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