Evolution of responses to (un)fairness.

Evolution of responses to (un)fairness.
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DOI:
10.1126/science.1251776
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发表时间:
2014-10-17
期刊:
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
de Waal FB
de Waal FB
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brosnan SF;de Waal FB

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人类的公平感是一个进化难题。为了研究这一点,我们可以看看其他物种,在这些物种中,这可以被经验地转化为对奖励分配的反应。在那些在亲属关系和交配关系之外进行合作的物种中,对在同一任务中得到的比伴侣少的东西的被动和主动抗议是普遍的。很少有证据表明,非人类物种会寻求平衡结果而损害自己,但后者在我们最近的亲戚猿类中有记录。这种反应可能反映了一种企图,即防止合作伙伴对已取得的成果感到不满,并防止这种不满对今后的合作产生负面影响。我们假设,正是这种反应的进化,使人类发展出了一种完全的公平感,这种公平感的目的不是为了平等,而是为了继续合作。
The human sense of fairness is an evolutionary puzzle. To study this, we can look to other species, in which this can be translated empirically into responses to reward distribution. Passive and active protest against receiving less than a partner for the same task is widespread in species that cooperate outside kinship and mating bonds. There is less evidence that nonhuman species seek to equalize outcomes to their own detriment, yet the latter has been documented in our closest relatives, the apes. This reaction probably reflects an attempt to forestall partner dissatisfaction with obtained outcomes and its negative impact on future cooperation. We hypothesize that it is the evolution of this response that allowed the development of a complete sense of fairness in humans, which aims not at equality for its own sake but for the sake of continued cooperation.
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