A Hypothesis of the Co-evolution of Cooperation and Responses to Inequity.
A Hypothesis of the Co-evolution of Cooperation and Responses to Inequity.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2011.00043
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Brosnan SF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brosnan SF
最近的证据表明，人类并不是唯一对不利于他们的不公平结果作出消极反应的物种。如果完成同样的任务后，它们得到的回报不如社会伙伴，那么有几个物种会做出消极的反应。虽然这些研究表明，对不平等的负面反应并不是人类独有的行为，但由于这些物种之间的相似特征，它们并没有为这些反应的出现提供功能性解释。然而，新出现的数据支持的假设，厌恶不平等是一种机制，以促进成功的长期合作关系之间的非亲属。在本文中，我讨论了几个收敛线的证据，说明需要进一步评估这种关系。首先，合作可以在适度的不平等中生存下来;在明确的合作互动中，只要合作伙伴的整体行为是公平的，尽管结果不公平，个体仍然愿意继续合作。第二，不平等的背景影响了人们对不平等的反应，这支持了这样一种观点，即共同努力会导致对共同回报的预期。最后，比较研究表明，一个物种中无关个体之间合作的程度和范围与该物种对不公平结果的反应之间存在联系。后一种证据表明，这种行为是与合作一起进化的，可能代表了一种适应，以增加与合作互动相关的收益。这些数据共同为理解不平等背景下的决策提供了一个可检验的工作假设，并为评估决策行为提供了一个新的比较框架。
Recent evidence demonstrates that humans are not the only species to respond negatively to inequitable outcomes which are to their disadvantage. Several species respond negatively if they subsequently receive a less good reward than a social partner for completing the same task. While these studies suggest that the negative response to inequity is not a uniquely human behavior, they do not provide a functional explanation for the emergence of these responses due to similar characteristics among these species. However, emerging data support the hypothesis that an aversion to inequity is a mechanism to promote successful long-term cooperative relationships amongst non-kin. In this paper, I discuss several converging lines of evidence which illustrate the need to further evaluate this relationship. First, cooperation can survive modest inequity; in explicitly cooperative interactions, individuals are willing to continue to cooperate despite inequitable outcomes as long as the partner's overall behavior is equitable. Second, the context of inequity affects reactions to it in ways which support the idea that joint efforts lead to an expectation of joint payoffs. Finally, comparative studies indicate a link between the degree and extent of cooperation between unrelated individuals in a species and that species’ response to inequitable outcomes. This latter line of evidence indicates that this behavior evolved in conjunction with cooperation and may represent an adaptation to increase the payoffs associated with cooperative interactions. Together these data inform a testable working hypothesis for understanding decision-making in the context of inequity and provide a new, comparative framework for evaluating decision-making behavior.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Bergmüller, R;Taborsky, M
通讯作者：
Taborsky, M
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1016269108
发表时间：
2011-02-22
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Brosnan, Sarah F.;Parrish, Audrey;Wilson, Bart J.
通讯作者：
Wilson, Bart J.
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2004.2947
发表时间：
2005-02-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Brosnan, SF;Schiff, HC;de Waal, FBM
通讯作者：
de Waal, FBM
影响因子：
1.1
作者：
BOLTON, GE;ZWICK, R
通讯作者：
ZWICK, R
DOI：
10.1006/obhd.1995.1068
发表时间：
1995-08-01
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
BLOUNT, S
通讯作者：
BLOUNT, S