Harnessing the placebo effect to enhance emotion regulation effectiveness and choice.
Harnessing the placebo effect to enhance emotion regulation effectiveness and choice.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-023-29045-6
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发表时间：
2023-02-09
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
安慰剂效应展示了积极的预期如何塑造各种治疗的有效性。在所有研究中，安慰剂治疗都是干预(乳膏、药片等)。它们呈现给个人，并被学习为对他们有益的东西。这项研究测试了安慰剂诱导的期望是否可以被利用来改善个人的内部情绪调节尝试。参与者实施了两种类型的分心，一种涉及注意力脱离的情绪调节策略，以减轻对疼痛的恐惧。在典型的条件反射范式中，安慰剂-分心是作为一种有效的策略(口头暗示)引入的，并悄悄地与减轻疼痛(条件反射)配对，而控制-分心是作为无效引入的，偷偷地与增加疼痛配对。正如预测的那样，我们发现，在疼痛强度相同的较晚测试阶段，与对照分心相比，安慰剂分心导致自我报告的对疼痛的恐惧减少。此外，我们使用了一种稳健的行为选择测量方法，显示出对安慰剂分心的偏好增加。此外，我们还测试了这些影响是否会推广到对不愉快图片的恐惧这一不同的情绪环境。在这种情况下，安慰剂分心和对照分心一样有效，但更受欢迎。这项研究表明，安慰剂效应可以扩大到包括个人内部影响其病情的尝试。
The placebo effect demonstrates how positive expectancies shape the effectiveness of various treatments. Across studies, placebo treatments are interventions (creams, pills, etc.) that are presented to individuals as, and are learned to be, beneficial for them. This study tested whether placebo-induced expectancies can be harnessed to improve individuals’ internal emotion regulation attempts. Participants implemented two types of distraction, an emotion regulation strategy involving attentional disengagement, to attenuate fear of pain. In a typical conditioning paradigm, the placebo-distraction was introduced as an effective strategy (verbal suggestion) and was surreptitiously paired with reduced pain (conditioning), whereas the control-distraction was introduced as noneffective and was surreptitiously paired with increased pain. As predicted, we found that during a later test phase, where pain intensity was identical, the placebo-distraction resulted in reduced self-reported fear of pain, relative to the control-distraction. Moreover, we utilized a robust behavioral choice measure, demonstrating increased preferences for the placebo-distraction. We additionally tested whether these effects generalize to a different emotional context of fear of unpleasant pictures. In that context, the placebo-distraction was as effective as the control-distraction, but was substantially preferred. This study demonstrates that the placebo effect can be expanded to include individuals’ internal attempts to influence their conditions.
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