Artificial intelligence utilising corneal confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy in diabetes mellitus and prediabetes.
Artificial intelligence utilising corneal confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy in diabetes mellitus and prediabetes.
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人工智能利用角膜共聚焦显微镜诊断糖尿病和前驱糖尿病周围神经病变。
DOI:
10.1007/s00125-021-05617-x
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发表时间:
2022-03
期刊:
影响因子:
8.2
通讯作者:
Alam U
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Preston FG;Meng Y;Burgess J;Ferdousi M;Azmi S;Petropoulos IN;Kaye S;Malik RA;Zheng Y;Alam U
We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based deep learning algorithm (DLA) applying attribution methods without image segmentation to corneal confocal microscopy images and to accurately classify peripheral neuropathy (or lack of). The AI-based DLA utilised convolutional neural networks with data augmentation to increase the algorithm’s generalisability. The algorithm was trained using a high-end graphics processor for 300 epochs on 329 corneal nerve images and tested on 40 images (1 image/participant). Participants consisted of healthy volunteer (HV) participants (n = 90) and participants with type 1 diabetes (n = 88), type 2 diabetes (n = 141) and prediabetes (n = 50) (defined as impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance or a combination of both), and were classified into HV, those without neuropathy (PN−) (n = 149) and those with neuropathy (PN+) (n = 130). For the AI-based DLA, a modified residual neural network called ResNet-50 was developed and used to extract features from images and perform classification. The algorithm was tested on 40 participants (15 HV, 13 PN−, 12 PN+). Attribution methods gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM), Guided Grad-CAM and occlusion sensitivity displayed the areas within the image that had the greatest impact on the decision of the algorithm. The results were as follows: HV: recall of 1.0 (95% CI 1.0, 1.0), precision of 0.83 (95% CI 0.65, 1.0), F1-score of 0.91 (95% CI 0.79, 1.0); PN−: recall of 0.85 (95% CI 0.62, 1.0), precision of 0.92 (95% CI 0.73, 1.0), F1-score of 0.88 (95% CI 0.71, 1.0); PN+: recall of 0.83 (95% CI 0.58, 1.0), precision of 1.0 (95% CI 1.0, 1.0), F1-score of 0.91 (95% CI 0.74, 1.0). The features displayed by the attribution methods demonstrated more corneal nerves in HV, a reduction in corneal nerves for PN− and an absence of corneal nerves for PN+ images. We demonstrate promising results in the rapid classification of peripheral neuropathy using a single corneal image. A large-scale multicentre validation study is required to assess the utility of AI-based DLA in screening and diagnostic programmes for diabetic neuropathy. The online version of this article (10.1007/s00125-021-05617-x) contains peer-reviewed but unedited supplementary material.
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DOI:
10.1109/tbme.2016.2573642
发表时间:
2017-04
期刊:
IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering
影响因子:
--
作者:
Chen X;Graham J;Dabbah MA;Petropoulos IN;Tavakoli M;Malik RA
通讯作者:
Malik RA
影响因子:
5.1
作者:
Cho, N. H.;Shaw, J. E.;Malanda, B.
通讯作者:
Malanda, B.
影响因子:
3.7
作者:
Kalteniece, Alise;Ferdousi, Maryam;Malik, Rayaz A.
通讯作者:
Malik, Rayaz A.
影响因子:
4.2
作者:
Oakley, Jonathan D.;Russakoff, Daniel B.;Mankowski, Joseph L.
通讯作者:
Mankowski, Joseph L.
影响因子:
4.1
作者:
Kirthi V;Perumbalath A;Brown E;Nevitt S;Petropoulos IN;Burgess J;Roylance R;Cuthbertson DJ;Jackson TL;Malik RA;Alam U
通讯作者:
Alam U