The neural basis of testable and non-testable beliefs.
The neural basis of testable and non-testable beliefs.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0124596
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Paulus MP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Howlett JR;Paulus MP
对世界状态的信念对正常行为和精神病理都有重要影响。然而，对信念加工的神经基础的理解仍然是不完整的，信念加工的几个方面只是最近才被探索。具体来说，不同类型的信念可能涉及根本不同的推理过程，因此招募不同的大脑区域。此外，神经对真和假的处理可能不同于对确定性和不确定性的处理。本研究的目的是调查的神经基础的评估可测试和不可测试的命题在真理或虚假和水平的确定性信念。研究人员使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）对14名成年人进行了研究，让他们对命题的真假进行评级，并对他们判断的确定性进行评级。每个命题被分为可检验的和不可检验的。可测试的命题激活了后外侧前额叶皮层和后扣带皮层，而不可测试的语句激活了包括额下回、上级颞回和上级额回前部的区域。当一个命题被接受时，没有哪个区域更活跃，而当一个命题被拒绝时，背侧前扣带回被激活。无论一个命题是否可检验，确定命题是真是假都会激活一个共同的区域网络，包括内侧前额叶皮层、尾状核、后扣带回和颞顶交界处附近的颞中回区域。对一个不可检验的命题（一个没有经验证据的坚定信念）的真伪的不确定性激活了怀疑论。研究结果表明，不同的大脑区域有助于评估基于内容类型的命题，而一个共同的网络可能会调解信念对动机和行为的影响，基于信念的确定性水平。
Beliefs about the state of the world are an important influence on both normal behavior and psychopathology. However, understanding of the neural basis of belief processing remains incomplete, and several aspects of belief processing have only recently been explored. Specifically, different types of beliefs may involve fundamentally different inferential processes and thus recruit distinct brain regions. Additionally, neural processing of truth and falsity may differ from processing of certainty and uncertainty. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neural underpinnings of assessment of testable and non-testable propositions in terms of truth or falsity and the level of certainty in a belief. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to study 14 adults while they rated propositions as true or false and also rated the level of certainty in their judgments. Each proposition was classified as testable or non-testable. Testable propositions activated the DLPFC and posterior cingulate cortex, while non-testable statements activated areas including inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and an anterior region of the superior frontal gyrus. No areas were more active when a proposition was accepted, while the dorsal anterior cingulate was activated when a proposition was rejected. Regardless of whether a proposition was testable or not, certainty that the proposition was true or false activated a common network of regions including the medial prefrontal cortex, caudate, posterior cingulate, and a region of middle temporal gyrus near the temporo-parietal junction. Certainty in the truth or falsity of a non-testable proposition (a strong belief without empirical evidence) activated the insula. The results suggest that different brain regions contribute to the assessment of propositions based on the type of content, while a common network may mediate the influence of beliefs on motivation and behavior based on the level of certainty in the belief.
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DOI：
10.1177/1073858411403316
发表时间：
2012-06
期刊：
The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry
影响因子：
--
作者：
Andrews-Hanna JR
通讯作者：
Andrews-Hanna JR
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Cohen, MS
通讯作者：
Cohen, MS
影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Aron, AR;Poldrack, RA
通讯作者：
Poldrack, RA
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Bann, CM;Parker, CB;Gadde, KM
通讯作者：
Gadde, KM
影响因子：
4
作者：
JONES, EE;BERGLAS, S
通讯作者：
BERGLAS, S