Cellular and molecular mechanisms of convergence and extension in zebrafish.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of convergence and extension in zebrafish.
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DOI：
10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.08.001
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Solnica-Krezel, Lilianna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Williams, Margot L. K.;Solnica-Krezel, Lilianna
原肠胚形成是三个胚层，中胚层，内胚层和外胚层，不仅形成，而且形成一个初步的身体计划的发展时期。细长的前后轴（AP）是所有脊椎动物身体平面的一个关键特征，它在原肠胚形成期间通过高度保守的会聚和伸展（C&E）的形态发生机制形成。顾名思义，这个过程需要每个胚层内的细胞向背中线会聚，以使组织在内外侧（ML）维度上变窄，并伴随着在AP维度上延伸。在许多脊椎动物物种中，C&E主要由中外侧嵌入行为（MIB）驱动，在此期间，细胞在ML方向上伸长、对齐和延伸突起，并在它们的邻居之间交错。然而，MIB只是促成斑马鱼胚胎中C&E的许多复杂细胞机制之一，其中单个细胞迁移、集体迁移、随机游走、径向插入、外延运动和MIB的组合都共同作用以形成新生的胚层。这些不同的细胞运动中的每一种都是由一套不同的动态细胞特性/活动驱动的，例如富含肌动蛋白的突起、肌球蛋白收缩性和起泡。在这里，我们讨论的时空模式的细胞行为的基础C&E原肠胚运动在每个胚层的斑马鱼胚胎。这些行为必须与胚胎轴协调，我们强调的作用，平面细胞极性（PCP）在定向和BMP信号模式C&E细胞行为相对于AP和背腹轴。最后，我们解决的作用，GPCR信号，细胞外基质，和机械信号的协调C&E运动相邻胚层之间。
Gastrulation is the period of development when the three germ layers, mesoderm, endoderm and ectoderm, are not only formed, but also shaped into a rudimentary body plan. An elongated anteroposterior (AP) axis is a key feature of all vertebrate body plans, and it forms during gastrulation through the highly conserved morphogenetic mechanism of convergence & extension (C&E). As the name suggests, this process requires that cells within each germ layer converge toward the dorsal midline to narrow the tissue in the mediolateral (ML) dimension and concomitantly extend it in the AP dimension. In a number of vertebrate species, C&E is driven primarily by mediolateral intercalation behavior (MIB), during which cells elongate, align, and extend protrusions in the ML direction and interdigitate between their neighbors. MIB is only one of many complex cellular mechanisms that contributes to C&E in zebrafish embryos, however, where a combination of individual cell migration, collective migration, random walk, radial intercalation, epiboly movements, and MIB all act together to shape the nascent germ layers. Each of these diverse cell movements is driven by a distinct suite of dynamic cellular properties/activities, such as actin-rich protrusions, myosin contractility, and blebbing. Here, we discuss the spatiotemporal patterns of cellular behaviors underlying C&E gastrulation movements within each germ layer of zebrafish embryos. These behaviors must be coordinated with the embryonic axes, and we highlight the roles of Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) in orienting and BMP signaling in patterning C&E cell behaviors with respect to the AP and dorsoventral axes. Finally, we address the role of GPCR signaling, extracellular matrix, and mechanical signals in coordination of C&E movements between adjacent germ layers.
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