The Gastrointestinal Microbiome: A Review.
The Gastrointestinal Microbiome: A Review.
复制标题
胃肠道微生物组：评论。
DOI：
10.1111/jvim.14875
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发表时间：
2018-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Williams DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barko PC;McMichael MA;Swanson KS;Williams DA
胃肠道微生物群是一个由细菌、古生菌、真菌、原生动物和病毒组成的多样化联合体，它们栖息在所有哺乳动物的肠道中。对人类和其他哺乳动物的研究表明，微生物组参与了一系列对宿主健康至关重要的生理过程，包括能量稳态、代谢、肠道上皮健康、免疫活性和神经行为发育。微生物基因组赋予的代谢能力超过宿主生物本身，使肠道微生物组成为宿主生理的积极参与者。DNA测序技术和计算生物学的最新进展已经彻底改变了微生物学领域，允许对动物与其微生物共生体之间的关系进行机制评估。胃肠道微生物组的变化与人类和动物的疾病有关，包括炎症性肠病、哮喘、肥胖、代谢综合征、心血管疾病、免疫介导的疾病和神经发育疾病，如自闭症谱系障碍。虽然关于小动物肠道微生物组的数据仍然缺乏，但最近的研究有助于描述其在宿主动物健康和相关疾病状态中的作用。本综述旨在使小动物兽医熟悉微生物组学领域的最新进展，并为将来将这些进展纳入临床实践的诊断测试和治疗做好准备。
The gastrointestinal microbiome is a diverse consortium of bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses that inhabit the gut of all mammals. Studies in humans and other mammals have implicated the microbiome in a range of physiologic processes that are vital to host health including energy homeostasis, metabolism, gut epithelial health, immunologic activity, and neurobehavioral development. The microbial genome confers metabolic capabilities exceeding those of the host organism alone, making the gut microbiome an active participant in host physiology. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technology and computational biology have revolutionized the field of microbiomics, permitting mechanistic evaluation of the relationships between an animal and its microbial symbionts. Changes in the gastrointestinal microbiome are associated with diseases in humans and animals including inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, immune‐mediated conditions, and neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder. While there remains a paucity of data regarding the intestinal microbiome in small animals, recent studies have helped to characterize its role in host animal health and associated disease states. This review is intended to familiarize small animal veterinarians with recent advances in the field of microbiomics and to prime them for a future in which diagnostic tests and therapies will incorporate these developments into clinical practice.
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