Parallel evolution of the genetic code in arthropod mitochondrial genomes.
Parallel evolution of the genetic code in arthropod mitochondrial genomes.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.0040127
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发表时间：
2006-05
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Zardoya R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abascal F;Posada D;Knight RD;Zardoya R
遗传密码提供了将DNA中包含的信息转换为蛋白质语言所必需的翻译表。在这个表中，每个密码子和每个氨基酸之间建立了对应关系：tRNA是连接两者的主要接头。尽管遗传密码几乎是普遍的，但该密码的几种变体已在广泛的核和细胞器系统中被描述，特别是在后生动物线粒体中。这些变体通常通过搜索在新物种中一致编码特定替代氨基酸的保守位置来发现。我们设计了一种精确的计算方法来自动进行这些比较，并用626个后生动物线粒体基因组进行了测试。我们的研究结果表明，一些节肢动物有一个新的遗传密码，并翻译密码子AGG赖氨酸，而不是丝氨酸（如在无脊椎动物线粒体遗传密码）或精氨酸（如在标准遗传密码）。我们研究了节肢动物遗传密码的进化，发现了几个平行进化的事件，其中AGG密码子在丝氨酸和赖氨酸之间重新分配。我们的分析还揭示了节肢动物遗传密码和tRNA-Lys/-Ser之间的相关进化，这表明在反密码子处存在特定的点突变。这些相当简单的突变，加上AGG密码子的低使用率，可能解释AGG重排的复发。作者发现了节肢动物线粒体中替代遗传密码平行进化的证据（AGG被翻译成赖氨酸而不是丝氨酸），以及tRNA-Lys/Ser反密码子的相关共同进化。
The genetic code provides the translation table necessary to transform the information contained in DNA into the language of proteins. In this table, a correspondence between each codon and each amino acid is established: tRNA is the main adaptor that links the two. Although the genetic code is nearly universal, several variants of this code have been described in a wide range of nuclear and organellar systems, especially in metazoan mitochondria. These variants are generally found by searching for conserved positions that consistently code for a specific alternative amino acid in a new species. We have devised an accurate computational method to automate these comparisons, and have tested it with 626 metazoan mitochondrial genomes. Our results indicate that several arthropods have a new genetic code and translate the codon AGG as lysine instead of serine (as in the invertebrate mitochondrial genetic code) or arginine (as in the standard genetic code). We have investigated the evolution of the genetic code in the arthropods and found several events of parallel evolution in which the AGG codon was reassigned between serine and lysine. Our analyses also revealed correlated evolution between the arthropod genetic codes and the tRNA-Lys/-Ser, which show specific point mutations at the anticodons. These rather simple mutations, together with a low usage of the AGG codon, might explain the recurrence of the AGG reassignments. The authors find evidence for parallel evolution of an alternate genetic code in arthropod mitochondria (AGG is translated into lysine rather than serine), and correlated co-evolution of the tRNA-Lys/Ser anticodons.
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