CEST: from basic principles to applications, challenges and opportunities.
CEST: from basic principles to applications, challenges and opportunities.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jmr.2012.11.024
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发表时间：
2013-04
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Lenkinski, Robert E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vinogradov, Elena;Sherry, A. Dean;Lenkinski, Robert E.
关键词：
化学交换饱和转移（CEST）为MRI提供了一种分子特异性的新型对比。在这种方法中，一个缓慢交换的核磁共振活性核，通常是质子，具有与水不同的化学位移，被选择性地饱和，饱和自旋通过化学交换转移到大量的水中。许多分子可以作为CEST试剂，包括天然存在的内源性分子和新型外源性试剂。各种各样的分子已被证明是潜在的药物，包括小抗磁性分子、顺磁性离子复合物、内源性大分子、树状大分子和脂质体。在这篇综述中，我们描述了CEST实验的基本原理，重点是与文献中描述的早期饱和转移实验的相似性。对定量的无害环境技术的兴趣也导致了新的对汇率敏感的探测办法的发展。描述了一些新兴的CEST临床应用，并讨论了将这些方法转化为临床环境所带来的挑战和机遇。
Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) offers a new type of contrast for MRI that is molecule specific. In this approach, a slowly exchanging NMR active nucleus, typically a proton, possessing a chemical shift distinct from water is selectively saturated and the saturated spin is transferred to the bulk water via chemical exchange. Many molecules can act as CEST agents, both naturally occurring endogenous molecules and new types of exogenous agents. A large variety of molecules have been demonstrated as potential agents, including small diamagnetic molecules, complexes of paramagnetic ions, endogenous macromolecules, dendrimers and liposomes. In this review we described the basic principles of the CEST experiment, with emphasis on the similarity to earlier saturation transfer experiments described in the literature. Interest in quantitative CEST has also resulted in the development of new exchange-sensitive detection schemes. Some emerging clinical applications of CEST are described and the challenges and opportunities associated with translation of these methods to the clinical environment are discussed.
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