Pain, nicotine, and tobacco smoking: current state of the science.
Pain, nicotine, and tobacco smoking: current state of the science.
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DOI：
10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001874
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发表时间：
2020-08
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Ditre JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LaRowe LR;Ditre JW
疼痛、尼古丁和吸烟之间的相互关系由于其患病率、公共卫生影响和显著的共病性而越来越受到关注（图1）。大约三分之一的美国成年人患有慢性疼痛，46，91和超过三分之二的人支持终身使用尼古丁。14尽管吸烟在普通人群中的流行率已下降至约14%，67但在疼痛患者中未观察到这一趋势。[68]事实上，在伴有疼痛的人群中，吸烟率仍然高得多（24%-68%），[3，13，63，68，86，100，101]而且有新的证据表明，伴有疼痛的吸烟者更有可能使用电子烟和其他尼古丁产品。此外，最近的估计表明，近60%的烟草使用障碍患者符合慢性疼痛的标准。48疼痛和物质使用被假设为以相互作用的方式起作用，随着时间的推移，这两种情况都会恶化。32与这一观点相一致，吸烟可导致慢性疼痛的发展，疼痛可促使尼古丁/烟草的使用并阻碍戒烟。22，24，98这篇叙述性综述的目的是提供关于疼痛、尼古丁和吸烟的现有文献的关键更新，并概述临床应用和未来研究的下一步。
Interrelations between pain, nicotine, and tobacco smoking are of increasing interest due to their prevalence, public health impacts, and significant comorbidity (Fig. 1). Approximately one-third of American adults suffer from chronic pain, 46, 91 and over two-thirds endorse lifetime nicotine use. 14 Although the prevalence of cigarette smoking in the general population has declined to approximately 14%, 67 this trend has not been observed among pain patients. 68 Indeed, smoking rates remain substantially higher among individuals with co-occurring pain (; 24%-68%), 3, 13, 63, 68, 86,100,101 and there is emerging evidence that smokers with pain are more likely to also use e-cigarettes and other nicotine products. 74 Moreover, recent estimates indicate that nearly 60% of individuals with tobacco use disorder meet criteria for chronic pain. 48 Pain and substance use are hypothesized to operate in a reciprocal manner, contributing to the progression of both conditions over time. 32 Consistent with this perspective, smoking can lead to the development of chronic pain, and pain can motivate nicotine/tobacco use and impede cessation. 22, 24, 98 The goals of this narrative review are to provide a critical update on the extant literature on pain, nicotine, and tobacco smoking, and to outline clinical applications and next steps for future research.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095440
发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
ANNUAL REVIEW OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, VOL 15
影响因子：
--
作者：
Ditre, Joseph W.;Zale, Emily L.;LaRowe, Lisa R.
通讯作者：
LaRowe, Lisa R.