Carbon emissions trading in China: the evolution from pilots to a nationwide scheme
Carbon emissions trading in China: the evolution from pilots to a nationwide scheme
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中国碳排放交易：从试点到全国范围的演变
DOI：
10.1080/14693062.2015.1096231
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发表时间：
2015-04
期刊：
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Zhang Zhongxiang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang Zhongxiang
中国中央政府已经批准了七项碳交易试点计划。这些试点地区是经过精心挑选的，处于不同的发展阶段，并有相当大的回旋余地来设计自己的计划。这些计划有共同的特点，但在处理诸如部门覆盖、配额分配、价格不确定性和市场稳定、处于支配地位的参与者的潜在市场力量、抵消的使用以及执行和遵守等问题的方法上有很大的不同。我们的研究发现，教育涵盖的实体，严格执行合规规则，将配额归属为金融资产并定义其有效期，以及将不遵守的实体纳入信用记录，对于积极参与碳排放交易至关重要。此外，对碳交易试点的回顾性研究表明，国家排放交易计划（ETS）至少应该基于统一的测量、报告和核实标准、配额分配和遵守规则。在2019年全国性碳市场全面运作之前，区域性ETS将继续平行运作，但现有区域性ETS所涵盖的实体，如果符合后者的门槛，将无条件地纳入全国性ETS。政策相关性启动七个碳交易机制的目的，以及这七个试点地区在设计自己的机制方面有相当大的回旋余地的原因，是为了使中国能够建立一个覆盖地域和行业范围不断扩大的全国性碳交易机制，以补充中国迄今为止主要依赖的行政手段，以实现日益严格的节能和碳强度目标。本文讨论了碳交易试点在第一个履约年从自身实践或其他试点中汲取的经验教训，以及即将建立的国家计划可以遵循的良好做法，并讨论了区域碳交易试点计划演变为全国碳交易计划的潜在途径。深入了解中国碳交易试点的设计、实施和合规性以及潜在途径，有助于这些试点可靠有效地开展工作，并将使试点顺利过渡到国家ETS。
The Chinese central government has approved seven pilot carbon trading schemes. These pilot regions have been deliberately selected to be at varying stages of development and are given considerable leeway to design their own schemes. These schemes have features in common, but vary considerably in their approach to issues such as the coverage of sectors, allocation of allowances, price uncertainty and market stabilisation, potential market power of dominated players, use of offsets, and enforcement and compliance. Our study finds that educating the covered entities, strictly enforcing compliance rules, ascribing allowances as financial assets and defining their valid duration, and including non-compliance in the credit record of non-complying entities are crucial to enabling active participation in carbon emissions trading. Moreover, the retrospective examination of the carbon trading pilots suggests that a national emissions trading scheme (ETS) should at least be based on uniform standards for measuring, reporting, and verification, the allocation of allowances, and the rules of compliance. Until a nationwide carbon market becomes fully functional after 2019, regional ETSs continue to function in parallel but those entities covered in the existing regional ETSs will be unconditionally integrated into a nationwide ETS if they meet the latter's threshold. Policy relevance The purpose of launching the seven carbon trading schemes and the reason why these seven pilot regions are given considerable leeway to design their own schemes are to enable China to develop a nationwide ETS with expanding geographical coverage and sectoral scope to complement the administrative means on which China, to date, has predominantly relied to achieve its increasingly stringent energy-saving and carbon intensity goals. This article discusses the lessons that carbon trading pilots have learned either from their own practice or other pilots in the first compliance year, as well as the good practice that the to-be-established national scheme could follow, and discusses the potential pathways for the evolution of regional pilot carbon trading schemes into a nationwide carbon trading scheme. Insights into the design, implementation, and compliance of China's carbon trading pilots and potential pathways help make these pilots work reliably and effectively and will smooth the transition from the pilots to a national ETS.
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DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.1443892
发表时间：
2008-10
期刊：
Environmental Economics eJournal
影响因子：
--
作者：
Zhongxiang Zhang
通讯作者：
Zhongxiang Zhang
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.2487105
发表时间：
2014-08
期刊：
Institutions & Transition Economics: Macroeconomic Issues eJournal
影响因子：
--
作者：
Zhongxiang Zhang
通讯作者：
Zhongxiang Zhang
DOI：
10.1068/c9864j
发表时间：
1998-12
期刊：
Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy
影响因子：
--
作者：
Zhongxiang Zhang
通讯作者：
Zhongxiang Zhang
影响因子：
7
作者：
A. Lo
通讯作者：
A. Lo
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Duan, Maosheng;Pang, Tao;Zhang, Xiliang
通讯作者：
Zhang, Xiliang