Host adaptation drives genetic diversity in a vector-borne disease system.
Host adaptation drives genetic diversity in a vector-borne disease system.
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DOI：
10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad234
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发表时间：
2023-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Diuk-Wasser, Maria A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Combs, Matthew A.;Tufts, Danielle M.;Adams, Ben;Lin, Yi-Pin;Kolokotronis, Sergios-Orestis;Diuk-Wasser, Maria A.
关键词：
病原体可以感染的宿主范围是一个关键特征，影响人类疾病风险和宿主感染动态。狭义伯氏疏螺旋体（Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto，Bb）是一种新出现的人畜共患病原体，引起莱姆病，并且被广泛认为是宿主通才，通常感染哺乳动物和鸟类。然而，Bb宿主宽度的种内变异程度，其在确定宿主能力中的作用以及对人类感染的潜在影响仍不清楚。我们进行了一项长期的研究Bb多样性，定义的多态性ospC基因座，白足小鼠，雀形目鸟类，蜱虫载体，利用长读扩增子测序。我们的研究结果揭示了Bb基因型之间宿主宽度的强烈变化，暴露了一系列基因型特异性宿主适应表型。我们发现了对多生态位多态性的支持，维持了本质上的Bb多样性，并且几乎没有证据表明基因型优势发生了时间变化，正如在负频率依赖性选择下所预期的那样。与白足小鼠相比，雀形目鸟类支持多种人类入侵毒株（HIS）在当地蜱虫种群中传播，并具有更大的Bb基因型多样性。与非适应基因型相比，小鼠适应的Bb基因型在个体小鼠中表现出更长的持久性。随着时间的推移，感染个体小鼠的基因型群落优先由小鼠适应的基因型主导。我们认为，种内变异Bb主机的宽度和适应性，有助于保持整体物种的适应性，以应对传播的通才载体。
The range of hosts a pathogen can infect is a key trait, influencing human disease risk and reservoir host infection dynamics. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (Bb), an emerging zoonotic pathogen, causes Lyme disease and is widely considered a host generalist, commonly infecting mammals and birds. Yet the extent of intraspecific variation in Bb host breadth, its role in determining host competence, and potential implications for human infection remain unclear. We conducted a long-term study of Bb diversity, defined by the polymorphic ospC locus, across white-footed mice, passerine birds, and tick vectors, leveraging long-read amplicon sequencing. Our results reveal strong variation in host breadth across Bb genotypes, exposing a spectrum of genotype-specific host-adapted phenotypes. We found support for multiple niche polymorphism, maintaining Bb diversity in nature and little evidence of temporal shifts in genotype dominance, as would be expected under negative frequency-dependent selection. Passerine birds support the circulation of several human-invasive strains (HISs) in the local tick population and harbor greater Bb genotypic diversity compared with white-footed mice. Mouse-adapted Bb genotypes exhibited longer persistence in individual mice compared with nonadapted genotypes. Genotype communities infecting individual mice preferentially became dominated by mouse-adapted genotypes over time. We posit that intraspecific variation in Bb host breadth and adaptation helps maintain overall species fitness in response to transmission by a generalist vector.
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发表时间：
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