Consistency of aquatic enclosed experiments: The importance of scale and ecological complexity
Consistency of aquatic enclosed experiments: The importance of scale and ecological complexity
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水生封闭实验的一致性：规模和生态复杂性的重要性
DOI：
10.1111/ddi.13213
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Briski E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paiva F;Brennecke D;Pansch C;Briski E
目的海洋和淡水生态系统日益受到人类活动的威胁。世纪以来，科学家们一直在测试许多生物、化学和物理问题，以了解各种生态系统及其对不同压力源的适应能力。虽然大多数实验都是在小规模的实验室环境中进行的，但最近大型围隔实验变得越来越普遍。然而，目前仍不清楚规模如何（即空间）和生态复杂性（即群落与有限数量的物种）的实验影响的结果，以及在何种程度上不同的实验类型是可比的。创新在这里，我们进行了两种类型的实验，在不同的规模和生态复杂性水平运行（即室外大规模群落级围隔生态系统与室内小规模两物种实验室实验），主要结论我们的方法检测到两种实验类型之间的丰度和相对种群增长的差异，其中一种是海洋热浪对两种伽马的影响。测试物种，但无论使用哪种实验类型，热浪对任何物种的影响都没有差异。中围生态系统中较大的空间，伴随着社会的包容性，有利于这个物种，表现出更强的性能比在实验室实验中。然而，我们的研究设计无法直接区分实验的规模或生态复杂性，或者两者兼而有之，导致了我们发现的差异。此外，实验室实验结果的不一致性使实验室结果的外推和推广变得复杂。然而，我们的研究结果表明空间，密度依赖效应，生物相互作用和自然环境的复杂性在缓冲或促进环境压力对生物体的直接影响方面的重要性。因此，我们敦促尽可能使用大规模社区级围隔实验，而不是小规模单物种实验室实验，并强调在解释实验室实验结果时必须非常谨慎。
AimMarine and freshwater ecosystems are increasingly threatened by human activities. For over a century, scientists have been testing many biological, chemical and physical questions to understand various ecosystems and their resilience to different stressors. While the majority of experiments were conducted at small‐scale laboratory settings, lately large mesocosm experiments have become more and more common. Yet, it still remains unclear how the scale (i.e. space) and ecological complexity (i.e. community versus limited number of species) of experiments affect the results and to what extent different experimental types are comparable.InnovationHere, we conducted two types of experiments, run at different scale and ecological‐complexity levels (i.e. outdoor large‐scale community‐level mesocosm versus indoor small‐scale two‐species laboratory experiment), to assess the effects of marine heatwaves on two gammarid species.Main ConclusionsOur approach detected differences in abundance and relative population growth between the two experimental types for one out of the two tested species, but no difference in heatwave impacts on any of the species, independently of which experimental type was used. The larger space in the mesocosm, accompanied with inclusion of the community, benefited this species, demonstrating stronger performance in the mesocosm than in the laboratory experiment. Though, our study design cannot directly distinguish if scale or ecological complexity of the experiments, or both, caused the observed discrepancy in our findings. Furthermore, inconsistency in results among laboratory experiments complicates the extrapolations and generalization of the laboratory results. Yet, our findings indicate the importance of space, density‐dependent effects, biotic interactions and complexity of natural environments in buffering, or boosting, the direct effects of environmental stress on organisms. Therefore, we urge the use of large‐scale community‐level mesocosm experiments instead of small‐scale single‐species laboratory ones whenever possible, and emphasize a necessity of great caution when interpreting the results of laboratory experiments.
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DOI：
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