Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in bacterial pathogens by toxin-antitoxin systems.
Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in bacterial pathogens by toxin-antitoxin systems.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcimb.2014.00006
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Schuster CF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bertram R;Schuster CF
毒素-抗毒素(TA)系统是原核生物基因组中普遍存在的一种小分子遗传元件，编码以多种重要细胞功能为靶标的有毒蛋白。通常，毒素活性由邻近编码的蛋白质或RNA抗毒素控制，并在遗传波动或应激条件下释放。虽然一些TA系统干扰复制或细胞壁合成，但大多数TA系统影响转录和转录后基因调控。抗毒素蛋白通常作为DNA结合的转录调节因子，许多TA毒素具有内切核酸酶活性，选择性地降解不同的RNA物种，从而改变基因表达模式。一些TA RNAase切割tRNA、tmRNAs或rRNAs，而最常见的mRNAs要么与核糖体结合，要么作为自由转录产物。举例说明TA毒素如何通过创建专门的核糖体或通过改变转录组来不同地塑造细菌病原体中的基因表达，以及这可能如何与致病因子的控制有关。
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic elements ubiquitous in prokaryotic genomes that encode toxic proteins targeting various vital cellular functions. Typically, toxin activity is controlled by adjacently encoded protein or RNA antitoxins and unleashed as a consequence of genetic fluctuations or stressful conditions. Whereas some TA systems interfere with replication or cell wall synthesis, most of them influence transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation. Antitoxin proteins often act as DNA binding transcriptional regulators and many TA toxins exhibit endoribonuclease activity to selectively degrade different RNA species and thus alter gene expression patterns. Some TA RNases cleave tRNA, tmRNAs or rRNAs, whereas most commonly mRNAs either in association with the ribosome or as free transcripts, are targeted. Examples are provided on how TA toxins differentially shape gene expression in bacterial pathogens by creating specialized ribosomes or by altering the transcriptome and how this may be tied in the control of pathogenicity factors.
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