Adult neural stem cells: Long‐term self‐renewal, replenishment by the immune system, or both?

Adult neural stem cells: Long‐term self‐renewal, replenishment by the immune system, or both?
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成体神经干细胞:长期自我更新、免疫系统补充,或两者兼而有之?

DOI:
10.1002/bies.201400198
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
J. Benton
J. Benton
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
B. Beltz;Emily Cockey;Jingjing Li;Jody Platto;Kristina A. Ramos;J. Benton

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目前哺乳动物成年神经发生的模型表明,成年出生的神经元是由经历长期自我更新的干细胞产生的,而终生供应的干细胞驻留在大脑中。相比之下,最近的研究表明,小龙虾中成年出生的神经元是由源自免疫系统的前体产生的。这一点特别有趣,因为许多年前的研究表明,啮齿动物和人类可能存在类似的机制,即骨髓提供能够产生神经元的干细胞。然而,这些发现与哺乳动物成年神经发生的自然机制的相关性尚不清楚,因为许多水平上的不确定性。我们认为,最近在小龙虾身上的发现发出了一个强烈的信号,可以重新检查啮齿动物和人类的现有数据,并设计新的实验,直接测试免疫系统对哺乳动物成年神经发生的贡献。
The current model of adult neurogenesis in mammals suggests that adult‐born neurons are generated by stem cells that undergo long‐term self‐renewal, and that a lifetime supply of stem cells resides in the brain. In contrast, it has recently been demonstrated that adult‐born neurons in crayfish are generated by precursors originating in the immune system. This is particularly interesting because studies done many years ago suggest that a similar mechanism might exist in rodents and humans, with bone marrow providing stem cells that can generate neurons. However, the relevance of these findings for natural mechanisms underlying adult neurogenesis in mammals is not clear, because of uncertainties at many levels. We argue here that the recent findings in crayfish send a strong signal to re‐examine existing data from rodents and humans, and to design new experiments that will directly test the contributions of the immune system to adult neurogenesis in mammals.
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