A Computational Analysis of Abnormal Belief Updating Processes and Their Association With Psychotic Experiences and Childhood Trauma in a UK Birth Cohort.
A Computational Analysis of Abnormal Belief Updating Processes and Their Association With Psychotic Experiences and Childhood Trauma in a UK Birth Cohort.
复制标题
英国一个出生队列中异常信念更新过程及其与精神病性体验和童年创伤的关联的计算分析
DOI：
10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.12.007
复制
发表时间：
2022-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
精神病性体验产生于感知和信念形成的异常，在经历过童年创伤的人群中更为常见。然而，在精神病中信念形成的哪些确切方面不典型尚不清楚。我们采用一种计算建模方法来描述普通人群中年轻人的信念更新情况，研究其与精神病性结果和创伤的关系，并确定它们在多大程度上介导了创伤与精神病之间的关系。
我们使用了来自雅芳亲子纵向研究出生队列的3360名个体的数据，这些个体在24岁时完成了对精神病性结果、抑郁、焦虑的评估以及两项信念更新任务，并且有从出生到青春期后期所评估的创伤性事件的数据。分析采用了未调整和调整后的回归以及反事实中介方法。
信念更新的基本行为指标（决策次数和证伪性更新）与精神病性体验无关。然而，计算建模显示，决策噪声增加与精神病性体验和创伤暴露均有关联，尽管创伤与精神病性体验之间的关联只有不到3%是由决策噪声介导的。信念更新指标还与智力和社会人口统计学特征有关，混淆了与精神病性体验的大部分关联。几乎没有证据表明信念更新参数与妄想的关联不同于与幻觉的关联，或者与精神病性结果的关联不同于与抑郁或焦虑的关联。
这些发现对以下假设提出了挑战：非典型的信念更新机制（如我们所使用的计算模型和行为指标所反映的）是精神病现象发展的基础。
Psychotic experiences emerge from abnormalities in perception and belief formation and occur more commonly in those experiencing childhood trauma. However, which precise aspects of belief formation are atypical in psychosis is not well understood. We used a computational modeling approach to characterize belief updating in young adults in the general population, examine their relationship with psychotic outcomes and trauma, and determine the extent to which they mediate the trauma-psychosis relationship. We used data from 3360 individuals from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children birth cohort who completed assessments for psychotic outcomes, depression, anxiety, and two belief updating tasks at age 24 and had data available on traumatic events assessed from birth to late adolescence. Unadjusted and adjusted regression and counterfactual mediation methods were used for the analyses. Basic behavioral measures of belief updating (draws-to-decision and disconfirmatory updating) were not associated with psychotic experiences. However, computational modeling revealed an association between increased decision noise with both psychotic experiences and trauma exposure, although <3% of the trauma–psychotic experience association was mediated by decision noise. Belief updating measures were also associated with intelligence and sociodemographic characteristics, confounding most of the associations with psychotic experiences. There was little evidence that belief updating parameters were differentially associated with delusions compared with hallucinations or that they were differentially associated with psychotic outcomes compared with depression or anxiety. These findings challenge the hypothesis that atypical belief updating mechanisms (as indexed by the computational models and behavioral measures we used) underlie the development of psychotic phenomena.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Jardri R;Duverne S;Litvinova AS;Denève S
通讯作者：
Denève S
影响因子：
11.3
作者：
Eisenacher, Sarah;Rausch, Franziska;Zink, Mathias
通讯作者：
Zink, Mathias
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Moutoussis, Michael;Bentall, Richard P.;Dayan, Peter
通讯作者：
Dayan, Peter
影响因子：
11.3
作者：
Bronstein, Michael V.;Cannon, Tyrone D.
通讯作者：
Cannon, Tyrone D.
DOI：
10.1162/cpsy_a_00020
发表时间：
2019-02-01
期刊：
Computational psychiatry (Cambridge, Mass.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Ermakova, Anna O;Gileadi, Nimrod;Murray, Graham K
通讯作者：
Murray, Graham K