Acid and the basis for cellular plasticity and reprogramming in gastric repair and cancer.
Acid and the basis for cellular plasticity and reprogramming in gastric repair and cancer.
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DOI：
10.1038/nrgastro.2018.5
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发表时间：
2018-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mills JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sáenz JB;Mills JC
尽管每天遭受无数的伤害，胃仍然发挥着非常高效的消化器官和微生物过滤器的作用。在这里，我们追随最早的胃肠病学家的脚步，他们对胃分泌物的抗菌和消化能力着迷。我们建议，通过强调最重要的胃分泌物酸的核心作用，最容易理解胃对损伤的反应。胃遵循两种基本的适应模式。表面反应是表面上皮细胞迁移并快速增殖以修复由酸或其他刺激物引起的侵蚀的一种模式。当酸源丢失或受损时（即泌酸萎缩过程），胃也可以通过腺体反应进行适应。我们主要回顾了控制腺体反应的机制，其特征是细胞分化中的化生变化，称为解痉多肽表达化生（SPEM）。我们认为，胃与其他器官一样，表现出明显的细胞可塑性：腺体反应涉及对成熟细胞进行重新编程，以充当替代丢失细胞的辅助干细胞。不幸的是，这种可塑性可能意味着胃上皮经历分化和去分化的周期，从而增加积累癌症诱发突变的风险。
Subjected to countless daily injuries, the stomach still functions as a remarkably efficient digestive organ and microbial filter. Here, we follow the lead of the earliest gastroenterologists who were fascinated by the anti-septic and digestive power of gastric secretions. We propose that it is easiest to understand how the stomach responds to injury by stressing the central role of the most important gastric secretion, acid. The stomach follows two basic patterns of adaptation. The superficial response is a pattern whereby the surface epithelial cells migrate and rapidly proliferate to repair erosions induced by acid or other irritants. The stomach can also adapt through a glandular response when the source of acid is lost or compromised (i.e., the process of oxyntic atrophy). We primarily review the mechanisms governing the glandular response, which is characterized by a metaplastic change in cellular differentiation known as Spasmolytic Polypeptide-Expressing Metaplasia, or SPEM. We propose that the stomach, like other organs, exhibits marked cellular plasticity: the glandular response involves reprogramming mature cells to serve as auxiliary stem cells that replace lost cells. Unfortunately, such plasticity may mean that the gastric epithelium undergoes cycles of differentiation and de-differentiation that increase the risk for accumulating cancer-predisposing mutations.
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影响因子：
3.1
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