Retrieval practice after multiple context changes, but not long retention intervals, reduces the impact of a final context change on instrumental behavior.
Retrieval practice after multiple context changes, but not long retention intervals, reduces the impact of a final context change on instrumental behavior.
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DOI：
10.3758/s13420-017-0304-z
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发表时间：
2018-06
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Bouton ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Trask S;Bouton ME
该实验室最近的证据表明，操作性学习后的上下文切换一贯导致反应减少。减少这种递减的一种方法是在多个上下文中训练响应。对这一结果的一种解释，植根于刺激采样理论，是条件反射的更大数量的共同刺激元素产生于更多的情况下，导致更好的泛化到新的上下文。另一种解释是，每一次语境的改变都会导致更努力的检索，而涉及努力检索的练习会使学习更好地转移到新的情境中。目前的实验旨在首次在动物学习和记忆任务中区分这两种解释。实验1表明，背景变化对工具性鼻戳反应的不利影响可以通过在多种背景下训练反应来减少。实验2发现，在连续的训练课程之间插入延长的保持间隔的训练程序并没有减少最终上下文变化的不利影响。即使插入的保留间隔对反应（因此可能是检索）产生了不利影响，这与实验1中上下文切换的效果相似，也会发生这种情况。总之，结果表明，努力的检索实践可能不足以减少背景变化对工具性行为的负面影响。一个共同的元素的解释，假设物理和时间的上下文线索不重叠可能更容易解释的结果。
Recent evidence from this laboratory suggests that a context switch after operant learning consistently results in a decrement in responding. One way to reduce this decrement is to train the response in multiple contexts. One interpretation of this result, rooted in stimulus sampling theory, is that conditioning of a greater number of common stimulus elements arising from more contexts causes better generalization to new contexts. An alternative explanation is that each change of context causes more effortful retrieval, and that practice involving effortful retrieval results in learning that is better able to transfer to new situations. The current experiments were designed to differentiate between these two explanations for the first time in an animal learning and memory task. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the detrimental impact of a context change on an instrumental nose-poking response can be reduced by training the response in multiple contexts. Experiment 2 then found that a training procedure that inserted extended retention intervals between successive training sessions did not reduce the detrimental impact of a final context change. This occurred even though the inserted retention intervals had a detrimental impact on responding (and thus presumably retrieval) that was similar to the effect that context switches had in Experiment 1. Together, the results suggest that effortful retrieval practice may not be sufficient to reduce the negative impact of a context change on instrumental behavior. A common elements explanation that supposes that physical and temporal contextual cues do not overlap may account for the findings more readily.
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DOI：
10.1080/02724990143000180
发表时间：
2002-04-01
期刊：
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY SECTION B-COMPARATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Dibbets, P;Maes, JHR;Vossen, JMH
通讯作者：
Vossen, JMH
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Rosas, JM;Bouton, ME
通讯作者：
Bouton, ME
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
ESTES, WK
通讯作者：
ESTES, WK
DOI：
10.1037/0097-7403.30.4.325
发表时间：
2004-10-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL BEHAVIOR PROCESSES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Millin, PM;Riccio, DC
通讯作者：
Riccio, DC
DOI：
10.1037/0097-7403.23.3.283
发表时间：
1997-07-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL BEHAVIOR PROCESSES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Rosas, JM;Bouton, ME
通讯作者：
Bouton, ME