Disentangling ecological and taphonomic signals in ancient food webs
Disentangling ecological and taphonomic signals in ancient food webs
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解开古代食物网中的生态和埋藏信号
DOI：
10.1017/pab.2020.59
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Dunne, Jennifer A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shaw, Jack O.;Coco, Emily;Wootton, Kate;Daems, Dries;Gillreath-Brown, Andrew;Swain, Anshuman;Dunne, Jennifer A.
对古代食物网的分析揭示了重要的古生态过程和对整个地球历史上一系列扰动的反应，如气候变化。这些反应可以为我们预测未来生物对类似扰动的反应提供信息。然而，以前的古代食物网的分析很少占现代和古代社区数据之间的关键差异，特别是选择性丧失软体动物类群在消化。为了考虑生态化如何影响古代群落结构的推断，我们（1）分析节点级属性，以确定生态角色和生态化潜力之间的相关性，（2）对现存系统的食物网数据应用选择性信息丢失程序。我们发现，软体生物的选择性损失具有可预测的影响的营养结构的“人工消化”的食物网，因为这些生物占据独特的，一致的食物网的位置。化石食物网误导性地表现出不太稳定（即，更倾向于营养级联），捕食较少，多面手消费者的代表性过高。我们还发现，生态之间的差异，软体动物和硬体类群，表明在现代食物网的不同位置，记录在始新世早期的网络，但不是在寒武纪的网络。这表明，这些群体之间的生态差异已经存在了≥ 4800万年。我们的研究结果表明，软体生物分类群的计算对于准确描述古代食物网至关重要。然而，在整个分析的食物网的信息丢失趋势的一致性意味着它是可能的，以预测软体类群的选择性损失如何影响食物网的指标，这可以允许更好地模拟古老的社区。
Analyses of ancient food webs reveal important paleoecological processes and responses to a range of perturbations throughout Earth's history, such as climate change. These responses can inform our forecasts of future biotic responses to similar perturbations. However, previous analyses of ancient food webs rarely accounted for key differences between modern and ancient community data, particularly selective loss of soft-bodied taxa during fossilization. To consider how fossilization impacts inferences of ancient community structure, we (1) analyzed node-level attributes to identify correlations between ecological roles and fossilization potential and (2) applied selective information loss procedures to food web data for extant systems. We found that selective loss of soft-bodied organisms has predictable effects on the trophic structure of “artificially fossilized” food webs because these organisms occupy unique, consistent food web positions. Fossilized food webs misleadingly appear less stable (i.e., more prone to trophic cascades), with less predation and an overrepresentation of generalist consumers. We also found that ecological differences between soft- and hard-bodied taxa—indicated by distinct positions in modern food webs—are recorded in an early Eocene web, but not in Cambrian webs. This suggests that ecological differences between the groups have existed for ≥48 Myr. Our results indicate that accounting for soft-bodied taxa is vital for accurate depictions of ancient food webs. However, the consistency of information loss trends across the analyzed food webs means it is possible to predict how the selective loss of soft-bodied taxa affects food web metrics, which can permit better modeling of ancient communities.
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影响因子：
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