Hope and Challenges: Immunotherapy in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Patients.

Hope and Challenges: Immunotherapy in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Patients.
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DOI:
10.3390/biomedicines11112916
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发表时间:
2023-10-28
期刊:
影响因子:
4.7
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
工程技术3区
文献类型:
--
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EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKI)是携带敏感EGFR突变的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的首选初始治疗。遗憾的是,缓解是短暂的,并且没有批准的有效治疗选择可用于EGFR-TKI晚期EGFR突变型NSCLC。尽管免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI)的免疫疗法在NSCLC的一个子集中诱导了持续的癌症缓解,但ICI疗法在大多数EGFR突变型NSCLC中表现出有限的活性。从机制上讲,EGFR突变型NSCLC中的强致癌EGFR信号传导有助于形成非炎症肿瘤免疫微环境(TIME),其特征在于有限数量的CD 8 + T细胞浸润、大量的调节性CD 4 + T细胞和增加数量的失活浸润T细胞。此外,EGFR突变型NSCLC患者通常不吸烟,PD-L1表达水平和肿瘤突变负荷水平较低。有希望的是,一小部分EGFR突变的NSCLC仍然对ICI治疗有持久的反应。从临床前研究和临床试验的希望ICI治疗EGFR突变的非小细胞肺癌。本文还综述了ICI治疗EGFR突变型NSCLC面临的挑战。
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the preferred initial treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring sensitive EGFR mutations. Sadly, remission is transient, and no approved effective treatment options are available for EGFR-TKI-advanced EGFR-mutant NSCLCs. Although immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) induces sustained cancer remission in a subset of NSCLCs, ICI therapy exhibits limited activity in most EGFR-mutant NSCLCs. Mechanistically, the strong oncogenic EGFR signaling in EGFR-mutant NSCLCs contributes to a non-inflamed tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), characterized by a limited number of CD8+ T cell infiltration, a high number of regulatory CD4+ T cells, and an increased number of inactivated infiltrated T cells. Additionally, EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients are generally non-smokers with low levels of PD-L1 expression and tumor mutation burden. Promisingly, a small population of EGFR-mutant NSCLCs still durably respond to ICI therapy. The hope of ICI therapy from pre-clinical studies and clinical trials is reviewed in EGFR-mutant NSCLCs. The challenges of application ICI therapy in EGFR-mutant NSCLCs are also reviewed.
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