Developmental cognitive genetics: how psychology can inform genetics and vice versa.
Developmental cognitive genetics: how psychology can inform genetics and vice versa.
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DOI：
10.1080/17470210500489372
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发表时间：
2006-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bishop DV
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文献类型：
--
作者：
Bishop DV
发展神经心理学关注于揭示发育障碍的潜在基础，如特定语言障碍(SLI)、发育性阅读障碍和自闭症。双胞胎和家庭研究表明，遗传影响在所有这些疾病的病因学中发挥着重要作用，但在识别基因方面进展缓慢。一种前进的方法是摆脱诊断障碍的传统临床标准，转而专注于潜在认知机制的测量。心理学可以通过澄清可遗传表型的关键维度是什么来为遗传学提供信息。然而，这并不是一条单行道。通过使用遗传信息设计，人们可以深入了解不同认知缺陷之间的因果关系。例如，有人认为低水平的听觉缺陷会导致SLI的语音问题。然而，一项双胞胎研究表明，尽管这两种类型的缺陷都发生在SLI中，但它们的起源截然不同，环境因素对听觉缺陷更重要，而基因对语音短期记忆缺陷更重要。另一项研究发现，SLI的形态合成缺陷也具有很高的遗传性，但与语音短期记忆障碍有不同的遗传来源。从遗传学的角度来看，寻找发育障碍的根本原因可能是被误导的，因为它们是复杂和不同的，并且与多种风险因素相关，只有当它们结合在一起时才会导致严重残疾。
Developmental neuropsychology is concerned with uncovering the underlying basis of developmental disorders such as specific language impairment (SLI), developmental dyslexia, and autistic disorder. Twin and family studies indicate that genetic influences play an important part in the aetiology of all of these disorders, yet progress in identifying genes has been slow. One way forward is to cut loose from conventional clinical criteria for diagnosing disorders and to focus instead on measures of underlying cognitive mechanisms. Psychology can inform genetics by clarifying what the key dimensions are for heritable phenotypes. However, it is not a one-way street. By using genetically informative designs, one can gain insights about causal relationships between different cognitive deficits. For instance, it has been suggested that low-level auditory deficits cause phonological problems in SLI. However, a twin study showed that, although both types of deficit occur in SLI, they have quite different origins, with environmental factors more important for auditory deficit, and genes more important for deficient phonological short-term memory. Another study found that morphosyntactic deficits in SLI are also highly heritable, but have different genetic origins from impairments of phonological short-term memory. A genetic perspective shows that a search for the underlying cause of developmental disorders may be misguided, because they are complex and heterogeneous and are associated with multiple risk factors that only cause serious disability when they occur in combination.
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DOI：
10.1111/1469-7610.00726
发表时间：
2001-03-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Briscoe, J;Bishop, DVM;Norbury, CF
通讯作者：
Norbury, CF
DOI：
10.1111/1469-7610.00114
发表时间：
2002-10-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bishop, DVM;Norbury, CF
通讯作者：
Norbury, CF
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
DEFRIES, JC;FULKER, DW
通讯作者：
FULKER, DW
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2000.0770
发表时间：
2001-03-29
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Bishop, DVM
通讯作者：
Bishop, DVM
DOI：
10.1080/027249897391946
发表时间：
1997-11-01
期刊：
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY SECTION A-HUMAN EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bishop, DVM
通讯作者：
Bishop, DVM