MicroRNAs as biomarkers in rheumatic diseases.
MicroRNAs as biomarkers in rheumatic diseases.
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DOI：
10.1038/nrrheum.2010.81
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发表时间：
2010-07
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--
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MicroRNAs （miRNAs）是内源性的非编码单链rna，长度为19-25个核苷酸。它们调节基因表达，在广泛的生理和病理过程中发挥重要作用。mirna作为潜在的生物标志物具有吸引力，因为它们的表达模式反映了潜在的病理生理过程，并且它们对各种疾病状态具有特异性。此外，mirna可以在多种来源中检测到，包括组织、血液和体液；它们相当稳定，似乎对样品处理的差异具有抵抗力，这增加了它们作为实用生物标志物的吸引力。mirna作为诊断或预后生物标志物的临床应用已在各种恶性肿瘤和一些非恶性疾病中得到证实。越来越多的证据表明，miRNA在系统性风湿性疾病中具有重要作用，不同疾病或同一疾病的不同阶段与不同的miRNA表达谱相关。初步数据表明，mirna有望作为自身免疫性疾病的诊断、预后、疾病活动性和严重程度的候选生物标志物。在初步研究中被确定为潜在生物标志物的mirna应该在专门设计用于生物标志物验证的大型研究中进行验证。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, noncoding, single-stranded RNAs of 19–25 nucleotides in length. They regulate gene expression and are important in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. MiRNAs are attractive as potential biomarkers because their expression pattern is reflective of the underlying pathophysiologic processes and they are specific to various disease states. Moreover, miRNAs can be detected in a variety of sources, including tissue, blood and body fluids; they are reasonably stable and appear to be resistant to differences in sample handling, which increases their appeal as practical biomarkers. The clinical utility of miRNAs as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers has been demonstrated in various malignancies and a few nonmalignant diseases. There is accumulating evidence that miRNAs have an important role in systemic rheumatic diseases and that various diseases or different stages of the same disease are associated with distinct miRNA expression profiles. Preliminary data suggest that miRNAs are promising as candidate biomarkers of diagnosis, prognosis, disease activity and severity in autoimmune diseases. MiRNAs identified as potential biomarkers in pilot studies should be validated in larger studies specifically designed for biomarker validation.
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