Retirement of US fossil fuel-fired power plants will increase water availability
Retirement of US fossil fuel-fired power plants will increase water availability
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美国化石燃料发电厂的退役将增加可用水量
DOI：
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128984
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Marston, Landon T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Siddik, Md Abu;Grubert, Emily;Caldwell, Peter;Marston, Landon T.
预计到2035年，美国近三分之二的化石燃料发电能力将达到其典型的使用寿命。虽然关闭化石燃料发电厂将有助于推进脱碳目标，但化石燃料发电厂冷却用水的停止-美国最大的水用户-也将影响国家的水资源。我们评估何时，何地，以及有多少水将在全国近一千个化石燃料发电厂的预期退休后，通过结合化石燃料发电机退休的寿命为基础的模型，为美国化石燃料发电船队与全国规模的水文模型。我们发现，如果这些发电机遵循其典型的退役时间轴，到2035年，化石燃料发电机的年取水量和消耗量将显著减少（分别减少85%和68%）。大多数有化石燃料发电厂转移和/或排放水的河流在发电厂退役后年流量将净增加（最多减少2%，到2050年最多增加57%），最明显的增加发生在夏季。到2050年，化石燃料发电厂的退役将导致31个子流域每年至少一个月的径流量发生较大的相对变化（>5%）。发电机的退役被证明会对下游数百公里的河流产生明显的影响。到美国最后一台化石燃料发电机退役时，这些发电厂曾经消耗的26亿立方米水可以用于其他用途。除了减少温室气体排放的全球利益外，由于化石燃料发电厂的退役，美国许多河流的流量和水资源的显著增加可能有利于当地的水用户和生态系统。
Nearly two-thirds of fossil fuel-fired electricity generation capacity in the United States is expected to reach its typical end of life by 2035. While the closure of fossil fuel-fired power plants will help advance decarbonization goals, the cessation of water use for fossil fuel-fired power plant cooling - the largest water user in the US - will also impact the nation’s water resources. We assess when, where, and how much water will be made available upon the expected retirement of the nation’s nearly one thousand fossil fuel-fired power plants by combining a lifespan-based model of fossil fuel-fired generator retirements for the US fossil fuel-fired electricity generation fleet with a national-scale hydrologic model. We show that annual water withdrawals and consumption of fossil fuel-fired power generators will be significantly curtailed (85 % and 68 % reduction, respectively) by 2035 if these generators follow their typical retirement timeline. Most rivers with fossil fuel-fired power plants diverting and/or discharging water will have a net increase in annual streamflow after plant retirement (maximum decrease of 2 %, maximum increase of 57 % by 2050), with the most pronounced increases occurring in the summer months. The retirement of fossil fuel-fired power plants will lead to a large relative change (>5%) in streamflow at least one month per year by 2050 in 31 subbasins. The retirement of power generators was shown to produce noticeable streamflow impacts up to hundreds of kilometers downstream. By the retirement of the last US fossil fuel-fired power generator, 2.6 billion m3of water that was once consumed by these power plants could be made available for other uses. In addition to the global benefits of reduced greenhouse gas emissions, the notable increases in streamflow and water availability in many US rivers due to the retirement of fossil fuel-fired power plants could benefit local water users and ecosystems.
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