How Far to the Road Not Taken? The Effect of Psychological Distance on Counterfactual Direction
How Far to the Road Not Taken? The Effect of Psychological Distance on Counterfactual Direction
复制标题
离未走的路还有多远？
DOI：
10.1177/0146167213513304
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Amy Summerville
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
SoYon Rim;Amy Summerville
向上的反事实和向下的反事实分别具有不同的自我完善和自我提升的动机功能。根据识解水平理论，随着心理距离的增加，人们会更多地关注高层次的自我提升目标，而不是低层次的自我提升目标。我们认为，距离会改变反事实的方向，从而满足这些不同的动机。我们发现，人们对最近和遥远的过去事件产生更多向下的反事实，而他们倾向于产生更多关于遥远的和最近的过去事件的向上的反事实(实验1)。社交距离的测量结果一致(实验2)。实验三表明，距离影响开放式反事实思维的方向。最后，实验4探索了一个潜在的机制，表明操纵时间距离会导致参与者在应对负面事件时的自我改进动机相对于自我增强动机的变化。讨论了未来的方向和对自我控制、社会支持、同理心和学习的更广泛的影响。
Upward and downward counterfactuals serve the distinct motivational functions of self-improvement and self-enhancement, respectively. Drawing on construal level theory, which contends that increasing psychological distance from an event leads people to focus on high-level, self-improvement versus low-level, self-enhancement goals, we propose that distance will alter counterfactual direction in a way that satisfies these distinct motives. We found that people generated more downward counterfactuals about recent versus distant past events, while they tended to generate more upward counterfactuals about distant versus recent past events (Experiment 1). Consistent results were obtained for social distance (Experiment 2). Experiment 3 demonstrated that distance affects the direction of open-ended counterfactual thoughts. Finally, Experiment 4 explored a potential mechanism, demonstrating that manipulating temporal distance produced changes in participants’ self-improvement versus self-enhancement motivations when responding to negative events. Future directions and broader implications for self-control, social support, empathy, and learning are discussed.
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Smallman,Rachel;Roese,NealJ
通讯作者：
Roese,NealJ
心理距离的解释水平理论。
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Trope, Yaacov;Liberman, Nira
通讯作者：
Liberman, Nira
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
GILOVICH, T;MEDVEC, VH
通讯作者：
MEDVEC, VH
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
GILOVICH, T;MEDVEC, VH
通讯作者：
MEDVEC, VH
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Fujita, K;Trope, Y;Levin-Sagi, M
通讯作者：
Levin-Sagi, M