A "Dirty" Footprint: Macroinvertebrate diversity in Amazonian Anthropic Soils.
A "Dirty" Footprint: Macroinvertebrate diversity in Amazonian Anthropic Soils.
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.15752
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发表时间：
2021-10
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Cunha, Luis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Demetrio, Wilian C.;Conrado, Ana C.;Acioli, Agno N. S.;Ferreira, Alexandre C.;Bartz, Marie L. C.;James, Samuel W.;da Silva, Elodie;Maia, Lilianne S.;Martins, Gilvan C.;Macedo, Rodrigo S.;Stanton, David W. G.;Lavelle, Patrick;Velasquez, Elena;Zangerle, Anne;Barbosa, Rafaella;Tapia-Coral, Sandra C.;Muniz, Aleksander W.;Santos, Alessandra;Ferreira, Talita;Segalla, Rodrigo F.;Decaens, Thibaud;Nadolny, Herlon S.;Pena-Venegas, Clara P.;Maia, Claudia M. B. F.;Pasini, Amarildo;Mota, Andre F.;Taube Junior, Paulo S.;Silva, Telma A. C.;Rebellato, Lilian;de Oliveira Junior, Raimundo C.;Neves, Eduardo G.;Lima, Helena P.;Feitosa, Rodrigo M.;Torrado, Pablo Vidal;McKey, Doyle;Clement, Charles R.;Shock, Myrtle P.;Teixeira, Wenceslau G.;Motta, Antonio C., V;Melo, Vander F.;Dieckow, Jeferson;Garrastazu, Marilice C.;Chubatsu, Leda S.;Kille, Peter;Brown, George G.;Cunha, Luis
关键词：
亚马逊热带雨林曾经被认为是原始的荒野，现在越来越多的人知道，在欧洲人到来之前，具有不同文化背景的人类已经广泛地居住、改造和管理。亚马逊黑暗地球(ADE)是在亚马逊盆地发现的肥沃土壤，由前哥伦布时代具有定居习惯的社会创造。人们对这些土壤的化学成分了解很多，但它们的生态却被忽视了。因此，我们在三个亚马逊地区的九个考古地点的ADEs和邻近的参考土壤中描述了土壤肥力、大型无脊椎动物群落及其在原生林(年轻的和老的)和农业系统下的活动。我们发现了673种形态种，尽管ADE(385种)具有类似的丰富度。和参考土壤(399种)，我们发现了哥伦布前顽强的足迹，49%的形态种仅在ADE中发现。白蚁和大型无脊椎动物在参考土壤中的丰度较高，而土壤肥力和大型无脊椎动物的活动在ADE中较高，并与较大的蚯蚓数量和生物量有关。我们发现，ADE栖息地有一个独特的物种池，但ADE的现代土地利用减少了它们的数量、多样性和对土壤功能的贡献。这些发现支持这样一种观点，即人类创造并维持了今天仍然存在的高肥力生态系统，改变了亚马逊地区的生物多样性模式。亚马逊黑暗地球(ADE)是在亚马逊盆地发现的肥沃土壤，由前哥伦布时代具有定居习惯的社会创造。人们对这些土壤的化学成分了解很多，但它们的生态却被忽视了。通过对亚马逊地区和邻近参考土壤的9个考古遗址的研究，我们发现了673个形态种，并发现了哥伦布前顽强的足迹，其中49%的形态种仅在ADE中发现。这些发现支持这样一种观点，即人类创造并维持了今天仍然存在的高肥力生态系统，改变了亚马逊地区的生物多样性模式。
Amazonian rainforests, once thought to be pristine wilderness, are increasingly known to have been widely inhabited, modified, and managed prior to European arrival, by human populations with diverse cultural backgrounds. Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are fertile soils found throughout the Amazon Basin, created by pre‐Columbian societies with sedentary habits. Much is known about the chemistry of these soils, yet their zoology has been neglected. Hence, we characterized soil fertility, macroinvertebrate communities, and their activity at nine archeological sites in three Amazonian regions in ADEs and adjacent reference soils under native forest (young and old) and agricultural systems. We found 673 morphospecies and, despite similar richness in ADEs (385 spp.) and reference soils (399 spp.), we identified a tenacious pre‐Columbian footprint, with 49% of morphospecies found exclusively in ADEs. Termite and total macroinvertebrate abundance were higher in reference soils, while soil fertility and macroinvertebrate activity were higher in the ADEs, and associated with larger earthworm quantities and biomass. We show that ADE habitats have a unique pool of species, but that modern land use of ADEs decreases their populations, diversity, and contributions to soil functioning. These findings support the idea that humans created and sustained high‐fertility ecosystems that persist today, altering biodiversity patterns in Amazonia. Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are fertile soils found throughout the Amazon Basin, created by pre‐Columbian societies with sedentary habits. Much is known about the chemistry of these soils, yet their zoology has been neglected. Studying nine archeological sites in Amazonian regions and adjacent reference soils we found 673 morphospecies and, we identified a tenacious pre‐Columbian footprint, with 49% of morphospecies found exclusively in ADEs. These findings support the idea that humans created and sustained high‐fertility ecosystems that persist today, altering biodiversity patterns in Amazonia.
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