Gametogenesis in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas: a microarrays-based analysis identifies sex and stage specific genes.
Gametogenesis in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas: a microarrays-based analysis identifies sex and stage specific genes.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0036353
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Favrel P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dheilly NM;Lelong C;Huvet A;Kellner K;Dubos MP;Riviere G;Boudry P;Favrel P
太平洋牡蛎长牡蛎（软体动物）是一种另类的不规则雌雄同体：大多数个体首先作为雄性成熟，然后多次变性。对牡蛎性别分化的遗传和表型基础了解甚少，对调节生殖的分子途径了解甚少。我们最近开发并验证了一个包含31,918个低聚物的微阵列（dhilly等人，2011），代表牡蛎转录组。将该芯片应用于软体动物配子体发生的研究，将有助于更好地了解参与性别分化的关键因素和牡蛎繁殖的调控。研究了在一年繁殖周期内培养的牡蛎性腺中的基因表达。主成分分析和层次聚类分析表明，雄性和雌性基因表达模式的显著差异与性腺有丝分裂的开始一致。方差分析显示，在雄性和/或雌性配子发生过程中，有2,482个基因存在差异表达。通过将雌性性腺的转录组与剥离的卵母细胞和体细胞组织的转录组进行比较，发现434个基因的表达可以定位于性腺的生殖细胞或体细胞。对注释基因的分析揭示了软体动物和哺乳动物之间保守的分子机制：涉及染色质凝聚、DNA复制和修复、有丝分裂和减数分裂调控、转录、翻译和凋亡的基因在雄性和雌性性腺中都有表达。最有趣的是，早期表达的男性特异性基因包括bindin和dpy-30同源基因，女性特异性基因包括foxL2、纳米同源基因3、胰腺脂肪酶相关蛋白、cd63和卵黄蛋白原。为了研究它们在牡蛎性别分化中的作用，现在需要进一步的功能分析。这项研究使我们能够确定牡蛎C. gigas（一种雌雄同体的软体动物）早期性别分化的潜在标记。我们还为成熟精子和成熟卵母细胞特异性表达的基因提供了新的非常有价值的信息。
The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Mollusca, Lophotrochozoa) is an alternative and irregular protandrous hermaphrodite: most individuals mature first as males and then change sex several times. Little is known about genetic and phenotypic basis of sex differentiation in oysters, and little more about the molecular pathways regulating reproduction. We have recently developed and validated a microarray containing 31,918 oligomers (Dheilly et al., 2011) representing the oyster transcriptome. The application of this microarray to the study of mollusk gametogenesis should provide a better understanding of the key factors involved in sex differentiation and the regulation of oyster reproduction. Gene expression was studied in gonads of oysters cultured over a yearly reproductive cycle. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering showed a significant divergence in gene expression patterns of males and females coinciding with the start of gonial mitosis. ANOVA analysis of the data revealed 2,482 genes differentially expressed during the course of males and/or females gametogenesis. The expression of 434 genes could be localized in either germ cells or somatic cells of the gonad by comparing the transcriptome of female gonads to the transcriptome of stripped oocytes and somatic tissues. Analysis of the annotated genes revealed conserved molecular mechanisms between mollusks and mammals: genes involved in chromatin condensation, DNA replication and repair, mitosis and meiosis regulation, transcription, translation and apoptosis were expressed in both male and female gonads. Most interestingly, early expressed male-specific genes included bindin and a dpy-30 homolog and female-specific genes included foxL2, nanos homolog 3, a pancreatic lipase related protein, cd63 and vitellogenin. Further functional analyses are now required in order to investigate their role in sex differentiation in oysters. This study allowed us to identify potential markers of early sex differentiation in the oyster C. gigas, an alternative hermaphrodite mollusk. We also provided new highly valuable information on genes specifically expressed by mature spermatozoids and mature oocytes.
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