Melatonin: an underappreciated player in retinal physiology and pathophysiology.
Melatonin: an underappreciated player in retinal physiology and pathophysiology.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.exer.2012.08.009
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发表时间：
2012-10
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Iuvone, P. Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tosini, Gianluca;Baba, Kenkichi;Hwang, Christopher K.;Iuvone, P. Michael
在脊椎动物的视网膜中，褪黑激素是由光感受器合成的，褪黑激素在夜间含量较高，白天含量较低。褪黑素通过与与腺苷酸环化酶负耦合的 G 蛋白偶联受体家族相互作用来发挥其影响。哺乳动物视网膜中已鉴定出属于 MT1 和 MT2 亚型的褪黑激素受体。 MT1 和 MT2 受体存在于神经视网膜的所有层和视网膜色素上皮中。眼睛中的褪黑激素被认为参与许多重要视网膜功能的调节。它可以调节视网膜电图（ERG），并且外源性褪黑激素的施用会增加光诱导的感光器变性。褪黑激素还可能对视网膜色素上皮细胞、感光细胞和神经节细胞具有保护作用。一系列研究表明褪黑激素与年龄相关性黄斑变性的发病机制有关，服用褪黑激素可能是预防和治疗青光眼的有效方法。全世界有数百万人使用褪黑激素来延缓衰老、改善睡眠、缓解时差症状和治疗抑郁症。夜间服用外源性褪黑激素也可能有益于眼部健康，但还需要进一步的研究来确定其潜力。
In the vertebrate retina, melatonin is synthesized by the photoreceptors with high levels of melatonin at night and lower levels during the day. Melatonin exerts its influence by interacting with a family of G-protein-coupled receptors that are negatively coupled with adenylyl cyclase. Melatonin receptors belonging to the subtypes MT1 and MT2 have been identified in the mammalian retina. MT1 and MT2 receptors are found in all layers of the neural retina and in the retinal pigmented epithelium. Melatonin in the eye is believed to be involved in the modulation of many important retinal functions; it can modulate the electroretinogram (ERG), and administration of exogenous melatonin increases light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. Melatonin may also have protective effects on retinal pigment epithelial cells, photoreceptors and ganglion cells. A series of studies have implicated melatonin in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration, and melatonin administration may represent a useful approach to prevent and treat glaucoma. Melatonin is used by millions of people around the world to retard aging, improve sleep performance, mitigate jet lag symptoms, and treat depression. Administration of exogenous melatonin at night may also be beneficial for ocular health, but additional investigation is needed to establish its potential.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Alcantara-Contreras S;Baba K;Tosini G
通讯作者：
Tosini G
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
BOATRIGHT, JH;RUBIM, NM;IUVONE, PM
通讯作者：
IUVONE, PM
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
CAHILL, GM;BESHARSE, JC
通讯作者：
BESHARSE, JC
DOI：
10.1016/s0169-328x(00)00160-1
发表时间：
2000-09-30
期刊：
MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH
影响因子：
--
作者：
Chen, W;Baler, R
通讯作者：
Baler, R
影响因子：
10.3
作者：
Belforte, Nicolas A.;Moreno, Maria C.;Rosenstein, Ruth E.
通讯作者：
Rosenstein, Ruth E.