Are Police Racially Biased in the Decision to Shoot?

Are Police Racially Biased in the Decision to Shoot?
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警察在决定开枪时是否存在种族偏见?

DOI:
10.1086/723973
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
The Journal of Politics
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Jackson Schiff, Kaylyn
Jackson Schiff, Kaylyn
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Clark, Tom S.;Cohen, Elisha;Glynn, Adam N.;Owens, Michael Leo;Gunderson, Anna;Jackson Schiff, Kaylyn

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我们提出了一个理论模型预测,种族偏见的警务产生(1)更多的使用潜在的致命武力的枪支对黑人平民比对白色平民和(2)较低的死亡率为黑人平民比白色平民。我们用2010年至2017年8个地方警察管辖区的原始警官参与枪击数据对第二个预测进行了实证评估,发现黑人死亡率显著低于白色死亡率,并且这种显著性将在忽略的协变量中生存,其强度是我们观察到的任何协变量的三倍。此外,使用结果检验方法和可比性假设,我们估计至少有30%的黑人平民被警察枪杀,如果他们是白色。一个被忽略的协变量需要至少是我们观察到的任何协变量的三倍强,才能消除这一发现。最后,任何遗漏的协变量将不得不影响黑人死亡率大大超过西班牙裔死亡率,以符合数据。
We present a theoretical model predicting that racially biased policing produces (1) more use of potentially lethal force by firearms against Black civilians than against White civilians and (2) lower fatality rates for Black civilians than White civilians. We empirically evaluate this second prediction with original officer-involved shooting data from 2010 to 2017 for eight local police jurisdictions, finding that Black fatality rates are significantly lower than White fatality rates and that this significance would survive an omitted covariate three times as strong as any of our observed covariates. Furthermore, using outcome test methodology and a comparability assumption, we estimate that at least 30% of Black civilians shot by the police would not have been shot had they been White. An omitted covariate would need to be at least three times as strong as any of our observed covariates to eliminate this finding. Finally, any omitted covariate would have to affect Black fatality rates substantially more than Hispanic fatality rates in order to be consistent with the data.
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