The visual ecology of selective predation: Are unhealthy hosts less stealthy hosts?
The visual ecology of selective predation: Are unhealthy hosts less stealthy hosts?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/ece3.8464
复制
发表时间：
2021-12
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Duffy MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wale N;Fuller RC;Johnsen S;Turrill ML;Duffy MA
捕食者可以强烈影响疾病的传播和进化，特别是当它们选择性地捕食受感染的宿主时。虽然在许多系统中已经观察到选择性捕食，但为什么捕食者选择受感染的猎物仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们使用捕食者视觉的数学模型来测试一个长期存在的假设，该假设是关于水蚤-微寄生虫系统中选择性捕食的机制基础，该系统可作为传染病生态学和进化的模型。蓝鳃太阳鱼选择性地以被各种寄生虫感染的水蚤为食，特别是在溶解有机碳未着色的水中。在这个系统中选择性捕食的主要假设是感染引起的水蚤透明度的变化使它们更容易被蓝鳃金龟看到。严格评估这一假设需要我们从捕食者的角度而不是我们自己的角度来量化感染对猎物可见性的影响。使用的蓝鳃金龟视觉系统的模型，我们表明，三种常见的寄生虫，Metschnikowia bicuspidata，多枝巴氏杆菌，和Spirobacillus cienkowskii，减少水蚤的透明度，使感染的水蚤黑暗的背景下，明亮的下行光。由于亮度对比度的增加，蓝鳃金龟可以看到比未感染的水蚤更远距离的感染水蚤，根据寄生虫的不同，可以看到19%到33%的距离。巴氏杆菌和螺旋杆菌也增加了水蚤的色彩对比度。这些发现支持了一个假设，即鱼类对感染水蚤的选择性捕食可能是由于感染对水蚤可见性的影响。然而，与预期相反的是，在我们的模型中，水蚤的可见性并没有受到水色的强烈影响。我们的工作表明，动物视觉系统的模型可以用于理解影响疾病传播的生态相互作用。作者使用捕食者视觉模型来评估为什么寄生的浮游动物更经常成为蓝鳃鱼捕食者的猎物，而不是未感染的猎物。
Predators can strongly influence disease transmission and evolution, particularly when they prey selectively on infected hosts. Although selective predation has been observed in numerous systems, why predators select infected prey remains poorly understood. Here, we use a mathematical model of predator vision to test a long‐standing hypothesis about the mechanistic basis of selective predation in a Daphnia–microparasite system, which serves as a model for the ecology and evolution of infectious diseases. Bluegill sunfish feed selectively on Daphnia infected by a variety of parasites, particularly in water uncolored by dissolved organic carbon. The leading hypothesis for selective predation in this system is that infection‐induced changes in the transparency of Daphnia render them more visible to bluegill. Rigorously evaluating this hypothesis requires that we quantify the effect of infection on the visibility of prey from the predator's perspective, rather than our own. Using a model of the bluegill visual system, we show that three common parasites, Metschnikowia bicuspidata, Pasteuria ramosa, and Spirobacillus cienkowskii, decrease the transparency of Daphnia, rendering infected Daphnia darker against a background of bright downwelling light. As a result of this increased brightness contrast, bluegill can see infected Daphnia at greater distances than uninfected Daphnia—between 19% and 33% further, depending on the parasite. Pasteuria and Spirobacillus also increase the chromatic contrast of Daphnia. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that selective predation by fish on infected Daphnia could result from the effects of infection on Daphnia's visibility. However, contrary to expectations, the visibility of Daphnia was not strongly impacted by water color in our model. Our work demonstrates that models of animal visual systems can be useful in understanding ecological interactions that impact disease transmission. The authors use a model of predator vision to assess why parasitized zooplankton more often fall prey to bluegill predators that uninfected prey.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Fleishman, Leo J.;Perez, Carley W.;Almonte, Elizabeth
通讯作者：
Almonte, Elizabeth
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2003.2334
发表时间：
2003-05-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Cummings, ME;Rosenthal, GG;Ryan, MJ
通讯作者：
Ryan, MJ
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.89.21.10365
发表时间：
1992-11-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
GROSSMAN, Z;PAUL, WE
通讯作者：
PAUL, WE
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Holt, Robert D.;Roy, Manojit
通讯作者：
Roy, Manojit
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0500078102
发表时间：
2005-05-24
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
de Roode, JC;Pansini, R;Read, AF
通讯作者：
Read, AF