Fishing for the Virome of Tropical Tuna.

Fishing for the Virome of Tropical Tuna.
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DOI:
10.3390/v13071291
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发表时间:
2021-07-02
期刊:
Viruses
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Bettarel Y
Bettarel Y
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gadoin E;Desnues C;Monteil-Bouchard S;Bouvier T;Auguet JC;Roque d'Orbcastel E;Bettarel Y

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虽然近几十年来,海洋病毒引起了人们的广泛关注,但对海洋生物,特别是鱼类的病毒组的了解仍然是初步的。金枪鱼的情况尤其如此,金枪鱼是全世界消费量最大的鱼类之一,具有相当大的经济、社会和营养价值。然而,金枪鱼病毒组的组成及其生物和环境决定因素仍然未知。为了开始解决这一差距,我们调查了在大西洋和印度洋捕捞的两种主要热带金枪鱼物种(鲣鱼和黄鳍金枪鱼)的皮肤粘液,肠道和肝脏中的病毒群落的分类多样性。虽然我们发现器官之间的病毒组组成存在显着差异,但这完全独立于金枪鱼物种或性别。在消化器官(肠道和肝脏)中,金枪鱼病毒组主要由真核病毒控制,而在粘液中则主要由噬菌体控制。我们观察到每个器官中存在特定的病毒家族,其中一些先前被鉴定为鱼类或人类病原体(例如,虹彩病毒科、细小病毒科、异疱疹病毒科、乳头瘤病毒科)。有趣的是,我们还检测到一个“核心病毒组”,它是由所有器官共享的,主要由尾病毒目,微病毒科和圆环病毒科组成。这些结果表明,金枪鱼宿主的马赛克病毒生态位,其建立,作用和流通仍有待阐明。
While planktonic viruses have received much attention in recent decades, knowledge of the virome of marine organisms, especially fish, still remains rudimentary. This is notably the case with tuna, which are among the most consumed fish worldwide and represent considerable economic, social and nutritional value. Yet the composition of the tuna virome and its biological and environmental determinants remain unknown. To begin to address this gap, we investigated the taxonomic diversity of viral communities inhabiting the skin mucus, gut and liver of two major tropical tuna species (skipjack and yellowfin) in individuals fished in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. While we found significant differences in the virome composition between the organs, this was totally independent of the tuna species or sex. The tuna virome was mainly dominated by eukaryotic viruses in the digestive organs (gut and liver), while bacteriophages were predominant in the mucus. We observed the presence of specific viral families in each organ, some previously identified as fish or human pathogens (e.g., Iridoviridae, Parvoviridae, Alloherpesviridae, Papillomaviridae). Interestingly, we also detected a ‘core virome’ that was shared by all the organs and was mainly composed of Caudovirales, Microviridae and Circoviridae. These results show that tuna host a mosaic of viral niches, whose establishment, role and circulation remain to be elucidated.
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