On the specificity of gene regulatory networks: How does network co-option affect subsequent evolution?
On the specificity of gene regulatory networks: How does network co-option affect subsequent evolution?
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DOI：
10.1016/bs.ctdb.2020.03.002
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rebeiz M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McQueen E;Rebeiz M
多细胞生物发育的过程取决于发育程序的特异性：对于生物体的不同部分形成独特的特征，必须存在特定的过程来指定每个部分。这种特异性被认为是基因调控网络的固有特征，它在发育过程中的特定时间激活特定组织中的基因群。然而，基因调控网络的进化有时是通过牺牲特异性的机制发生的。其中一种机制是网络协同选择，即现有的基因网络在新的发育环境中重新部署。虽然网络共选择可能为产生新表型提供了一种有效的机制，但重新部署的网络基因的组织特异性损失可能会限制受影响性状独立进化的能力。目前，对于网络基因在启动时如何通过基因网络共选择改变其组织特异性，以及在网络共选择后如何保持或恢复性状独立性，还没有详细的讨论。由于对网络共同选择缺乏明确的认识，推测这一机制的长期进化意义变得更加困难。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论网络共选可能产生的初步结果，概述网络在共选后保留或随后重新获得特异性的机制，并对网络共选的一些可能的进化后果进行评论。我们特别强调需要考虑网络共同选择的选择性中性结果，以提高我们对这一机制在性状进化中的作用的理解。
The process of multicellular organismal development hinges upon the specificity of developmental programs: for different parts of the organism to form unique features, processes must exist to specify each part. This specificity is thought to be hardwired into gene regulatory networks, which activate cohorts of genes in particular tissues at particular times during development. However, the evolution of gene regulatory networks sometimes occurs by mechanisms that sacrifice specificity. One such mechanism is network co-option, in which existing gene networks are re-deployed in new developmental contexts. While network co-option may offer an efficient mechanism for generating novel phenotypes, losses of tissue specificity at redeployed network genes could restrict the ability of the affected traits to evolve independently. At present, there has not been a detailed discussion regarding how tissue-specificity of network genes might be altered due to gene network co-option at its initiation, as well as how trait independence can be retained or restored after network co-option. A lack of clarity about network co-option makes it more difficult to speculate on the long-term evolutionary implications of this mechanism. In this review, we will discuss the possible initial outcomes of network co-option, outline the mechanisms by which networks may retain or subsequently regain specificity after network co-option, and comment on some of the possible evolutionary consequences of network co-option. We place special emphasis on the need to consider selectively-neutral outcomes of network co-option to improve our understanding of the role of this mechanism in trait evolution.
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