Making Sense of Multifunctional Proteins: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Accessory and Regulatory Proteins and Connections to Transcription.
Making Sense of Multifunctional Proteins: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Accessory and Regulatory Proteins and Connections to Transcription.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-virology-101416-041654
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发表时间：
2017-09-29
影响因子：
11.3
通讯作者：
Frankel AD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Faust TB;Binning JM;Gross JD;Frankel AD
病毒完全依赖于细胞机制来支持复制，因此已经开发出策略来共同选择细胞过程来优化感染和对抗宿主免疫防御。许多病毒，包括人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1），编码的基因数量相对较少。遗传含量有限的病毒通常编码在病毒复制周期的多个阶段起作用的多功能蛋白质。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了HIV-1调节蛋白（Tat和Rev）和辅助蛋白（Vif、Vpr、Vpu和Nef）的功能。每一种蛋白质都有高度保守的初级活性；然而，许多额外的活动归因于这些病毒蛋白。我们探索HIV-1蛋白利用其多功能特性改变宿主转录网络以引发多种细胞反应的可能性。尽管这些转录效应似乎对病毒有利，但尚不清楚它们是在病毒进化过程中被强烈选择的，还是主要功能的连锁反应。随着我们对这些病毒蛋白的详细了解的提高，我们无疑将揭示这些HIV-1调节蛋白和辅助蛋白的多功能特性，特别是它们的转录功能，如何驱动病毒的发病机制。
Viruses are completely dependent upon cellular machinery to support replication and have therefore developed strategies to co-opt cellular processes to optimize infection and counter host immune defenses. Many viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), encode a relatively small number of genes. Viruses with limited genetic content often encode multifunctional proteins that function at multiple stages of the viral replication cycle. In this review, we discuss the functions of HIV-1 regulatory (Tat and Rev) and accessory (Vif, Vpr, Vpu, and Nef) proteins. Each of these proteins has a highly conserved primary activity; however, numerous additional activities have been attributed to these viral proteins. We explore the possibility that HIV-1 proteins leverage their multifunctional nature to alter host transcriptional networks to elicit a diverse set of cellular responses. Although these transcriptional effects appear to benefit the virus, it is not yet clear whether they are strongly selected for during viral evolution or are a ripple effect from the primary function. As our detailed knowledge of these viral proteins improves, we will undoubtedly uncover how the multifunctional nature of these HIV-1 regulatory and accessory proteins, and in particular their transcriptional functions, work to drive viral pathogenesis.
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