New phylogenomic data support the monophyly of Lophophorata and an Ectoproct-Phoronid clade and indicate that Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa are caused by systematic bias.
New phylogenomic data support the monophyly of Lophophorata and an Ectoproct-Phoronid clade and indicate that Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa are caused by systematic bias.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2148-13-253
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发表时间：
2013-11-17
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Hausdorf B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nesnidal MP;Helmkampf M;Meyer A;Witek A;Bruchhaus I;Ebersberger I;Hankeln T;Lieb B;Struck TH;Hausdorf B
在复杂的后生动物系统发育中，外肛动物、腕足动物和羽管动物这三个分支之间的关系是特别难以捉摸的。为了进一步阐明这一问题，我们提出了196个基因的基因组分析，从58 bilaterian类群，特别注意成分异质性的影响。系统发育分析结果支持单系性，支持外肛门与蚤目之间的姐妹群关系。我们的研究结果与先前的研究结果进行了对比，基于rDNA序列和cDNA基因组数据集，支持单系的多虫（=广义苔藓虫），包括外肛门，内肛门和Cycliophora，腕足动物，包括腕足动物和Phoronida，以及Kryptrochozoa，包括腕足动物，Phoronida和纽形动物，从而使Lophophorata多系。我们试图找出矛盾的结果的原因表明，Polyzoa，腕足动物和Kryptrochozoa的字符子集与偏离氨基酸组成的支持，而没有迹象表明组成异质性的字符子集支持单系的Lophophorata。我们的研究结果表明，到目前为止收集到的对Polyzoa，Brachiozoa和Kryptrochozoa的支持可能是由成分偏差引起的人为因素。Lophophorata的单系性意味着马蹄形的中体lophophophore，外肛动物，phoronids和腕足动物的触手进食装置，确实是一个突触形态的lophorate谱系。这同样适用于放射状分裂。然而，在phoronids中，螺旋分裂也是已知的。这表明，卵裂模式是高度可塑的，并已改变了几次在lophophorates。外肛动物和phoronids的姐妹群关系是根据在变态开始时作为这些分类群的共同衍生特征的腹面内陷的外翻的解释。
Within the complex metazoan phylogeny, the relationships of the three lophophorate lineages, ectoprocts, brachiopods and phoronids, are particularly elusive. To shed further light on this issue, we present phylogenomic analyses of 196 genes from 58 bilaterian taxa, paying particular attention to the influence of compositional heterogeneity. The phylogenetic analyses strongly support the monophyly of Lophophorata and a sister-group relationship between Ectoprocta and Phoronida. Our results contrast previous findings based on rDNA sequences and phylogenomic datasets which supported monophyletic Polyzoa (= Bryozoa sensu lato) including Ectoprocta, Entoprocta and Cycliophora, Brachiozoa including Brachiopoda and Phoronida as well as Kryptrochozoa including Brachiopoda, Phoronida and Nemertea, thus rendering Lophophorata polyphyletic. Our attempts to identify the causes for the conflicting results revealed that Polyzoa, Brachiozoa and Kryptrochozoa are supported by character subsets with deviating amino acid compositions, whereas there is no indication for compositional heterogeneity in the character subsets supporting the monophyly of Lophophorata. Our results indicate that the support for Polyzoa, Brachiozoa and Kryptrochozoa gathered so far is likely an artifact caused by compositional bias. The monophyly of Lophophorata implies that the horseshoe-shaped mesosomal lophophore, the tentacular feeding apparatus of ectoprocts, phoronids and brachiopods is, indeed, a synapomorphy of the lophophorate lineages. The same may apply to radial cleavage. However, among phoronids also spiral cleavage is known. This suggests that the cleavage pattern is highly plastic and has changed several times within lophophorates. The sister group relationship of ectoprocts and phoronids is in accordance with the interpretation of the eversion of a ventral invagination at the beginning of metamorphosis as a common derived feature of these taxa.
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影响因子：
10.7
作者：
Helfenbein, KG;Boore, JL
通讯作者：
Boore, JL
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2008.0372
发表时间：
2008-08-22
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Helmkampf, Martin;Bruchhaus, Iris;Hausdorf, Bernhard
通讯作者：
Hausdorf, Bernhard
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
de Rosa, R;Grenier, JK;Balavoine, G
通讯作者：
Balavoine, G
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Anderson, FE;Córdoba, AJ;Thollesson, M
通讯作者：
Thollesson, M
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Helmkampf, Martin;Bruchhaus, Iris;Hausdorf, Bernhard
通讯作者：
Hausdorf, Bernhard