Regulation of Autophagy through TORC1 and mTORC1.

Regulation of Autophagy through TORC1 and mTORC1.
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DOI:
10.3390/biom7030052
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发表时间:
2017-07-07
期刊:
影响因子:
5.5
通讯作者:
Noda T
Noda T
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Noda T

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自噬是一种细胞内蛋白质降解过程,在包括酵母和人类在内的真核生物中是保守的。在营养匮乏的条件下,细胞内蛋白质通过被称为自噬体的膜结构被运送到溶酶体和液泡中,并被降解。自噬的各个步骤由雷帕霉素复合体1靶标(TORC1/mTORC1)调节。在这篇综述中,将讨论酵母和哺乳动物中这种调节的历史和最近的进展。近年来,人们对酵母自噬的发生机制进行了推测。自噬相关基因13 (Atg13)和unc-51样自噬激活激酶1 (Ulk1)是TORC1在自噬过程中最重要的底物,通过其去磷酸化,启动自噬体的形成。Atg13的磷酸化/去磷酸化在细胞内受空间调控。另一个依赖于torc1的调控是自噬基因和液泡/溶酶体水解酶的表达。一些转录和转录后调控由TORC1控制,它影响酵母和哺乳动物的自噬活性。
Autophagy is an intracellular protein-degradation process that is conserved across eukaryotes including yeast and humans. Under nutrient starvation conditions, intracellular proteins are transported to lysosomes and vacuoles via membranous structures known as autophagosomes, and are degraded. The various steps of autophagy are regulated by the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1/mTORC1). In this review, a history of this regulation and recent advances in such regulation both in yeast and mammals will be discussed. Recently, the mechanism of autophagy initiation in yeast has been deduced. The autophagy-related gene 13 (Atg13) and the unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (Ulk1) are the most crucial substrates of TORC1 in autophagy, and by its dephosphorylation, autophagosome formation is initiated. Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of Atg13 is regulated spatially inside the cell. Another TORC1-dependent regulation lies in the expression of autophagy genes and vacuolar/lysosomal hydrolases. Several transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations are controlled by TORC1, which affects autophagy activity in yeast and mammals.
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发表时间: 2005-07-01
期刊: MOLECULAR CELL
影响因子: 16
作者:
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发表时间: 1995-11
影响因子: 7.8
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HARDING, TM;MORANO, KA;SCOTT, SV;KLIONSKY, DJ
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发表时间: 2000-11-23
期刊: NATURE
影响因子: 64.8
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