Children's independent travel to and from primary school: Evidence from a suburban town in Germany
Children's independent travel to and from primary school: Evidence from a suburban town in Germany
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儿童独立往返小学：来自德国郊区小镇的证据
DOI：
10.1016/j.tra.2018.12.016
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Stefan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Scheiner;Joachim;Oliver;Lohmüller;Stefan
本文研究了有助于理解德国儿童往返小学的独立旅行的因素，即没有成年人护送。研究采用二元Logit回归方法，所用数据来自对某中型郊区城镇七所学校孩子家长的调查。这是德国第一篇同时着眼于有助于理解儿童独立旅行的所有维度的论文：(1)旅行特征，(2)儿童特征，(3)家庭背景，(4)主观关切、态度和看法，(5)交通环境，(6)建筑环境和(7)社会环境。与大多数实地研究不同的是，试图全面了解该路线沿线的运输和土地利用环境，同时将该路线的一些关键属性作为单独变量。也许对研究最显著的贡献是我们发现了出境旅行和返程旅行之间的明显差异。虽然上午出行的特点是建筑和运输环境的明显影响，但大多数变量在下午的模型中被证明是微不足道的。相反，更多的态度维度在回程中被证明是重要的。我们的一些发现显然与政策相关。例如，交通平静与较高水平的独立旅行相关，而以工业和贸易为特征的路线、高速路和需要穿越的斑马线与较低水平的独立旅行相关。我们发现的感知和态度的影响可以作为软政策的起点，例如宣传活动或交通教育。
The paper studies the factors that contribute to understand children's independent travel – i.e. not being escorted by an adult – to and from primary school in Germany. Binary logit regression is employed, and the data used are taken from a survey among parents of children in seven schools in a medium-sized suburban town. This is the first paper from Germany that simultaneously looks at the full range of dimensions that may help understand children's independent travel: (1) trip characteristics, (2) child characteristics, (3) the household context, (4) subjective concerns, attitudes and perceptions, (5) the transport environment, (6) the built environment and (7) the social environment. In contrast to the majority of studies in the field, an attempt was made to capture a holistic picture of the transport and land-use environment along the route, while at the same time some key attributes of the route were used as separate variables. Perhaps the most notable contribution to research is the distinct differences that we found between outward and return trips. While the morning trip was characterised by distinct impacts of the built and transport environment, most variables turned out insignificant in the afternoon model. Conversely, more attitudinal dimensions turned out significant in the return trip. Some of our findings are clearly relevant for policy. For instance, traffic calming is associated with higher levels of independent travel, while routes characterised by industry and trade, high-speed roads, and zebra-crossings that need to be crossed are associated with lower levels of independent travel. The effects of perceptions and attitudes we find can be taken as starting points for soft policies such as awareness campaigns or traffic education.
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