Role of Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles in oral mucosal transmission of HIV.

Role of Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles in oral mucosal transmission of HIV.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41598-018-27284-6
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发表时间:
2018-06-11
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Xie H
Xie H
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dong XH;Ho MH;Liu B;Hildreth J;Dash C;Goodwin JS;Balasubramaniam M;Chen CH;Xie H

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粘膜微生物区系与HIV-1感染之间的关系已引起HIV-1研究领域的高度重视。此前,我们报道了一种非受体依赖的HIV-1进入上皮细胞,由革兰氏阴性侵袭性细菌牙龈卟啉单胞菌介导。在这里,我们提出的证据表明,牙龈假单胞菌外膜小泡(OMVS)促进了HIV-1的粘膜传播。我们使用动态技术证明了HIV-1和牙龈假单胞菌OMV之间的特殊相互作用,这种作用导致OMV依赖的病毒进入口腔上皮细胞。在人类口腔角质形成细胞(HOK)中,在暴露于HIV-水泡复合体20 后检测到HIV-1。进入后,大多数复合体出现解离,HIV-1被逆转录,病毒DNA整合到HOK的基因组中。与此同时,一些复合体离开了原始宿主,重新进入了邻近的HOK和HIV-1的允许细胞。此外,牙龈假单胞菌囊泡在低感染剂量下增加了MT4细胞对HIV-1的感染,而这并不能单独确定有效的感染。这些发现表明,具有与HIV-1相互作用能力的侵袭性细菌及其OMV可能作为一种媒介,通过粘膜转移HIV-1,建立HIV-1的粘膜传播,并增强HIV-1的传染性。
The association between mucosal microbiota and HIV-1 infection has garnered great attention in the field of HIV-1 research. Previously, we reported a receptor-independent HIV-1 entry into epithelial cells mediated by a Gram-negative invasive bacterium, Porphyromonas gingivalis. Here, we present evidence showing that P. gingivalis outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) promote mucosal transmission of HIV-1. We demonstrated, using the Dynabeads technology, a specific interaction between HIV-1 and P. gingivalis OMVs which led to an OMV-dependent viral entry into oral epithelial cells. HIV-1 was detected in human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) after a 20 minute exposure to the HIV-vesicle complexes. After entry, most of the complexes appeared to dissociate, HIV-1 was reverse-transcribed, and viral DNA was integrated into the genome of HOKs. Meanwhile, some of the complexes exited the original host and re-entered neighboring HOKs and permissive cells of HIV-1. Moreover, P. gingivalis vesicles enhanced HIV-1 infection of MT4 cells at low infecting doses that are not able to establish an efficient infection alone. These findings suggest that invasive bacteria and their OMVs with ability to interact with HIV-1 may serve as a vehicle to translocate HIV through the mucosa, establish mucosal transmission of HIV-1, and enhance HIV-1 infectivity.
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