Gene-rich UV sex chromosomes harbor conserved regulators of sexual development.

Gene-rich UV sex chromosomes harbor conserved regulators of sexual development.
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基因丰富的紫外线性染色体携带保守的性发育调节因子。

DOI:
10.1126/sciadv.abh2488
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发表时间:
2021-06
期刊:
影响因子:
13.6
通讯作者:
McDaniel SF
McDaniel SF
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Carey SB;Jenkins J;Lovell JT;Maumus F;Sreedasyam A;Payton AC;Shu S;Tiley GP;Fernandez-Pozo N;Healey A;Barry K;Chen C;Wang M;Lipzen A;Daum C;Saski CA;McBreen JC;Conrad RE;Kollar LM;Olsson S;Huttunen S;Landis JB;Burleigh JG;Wickett NJ;Johnson MG;Rensing SA;Grimwood J;Schmutz J;McDaniel SF

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苔藓的性染色体保留了数千个广泛表达的基因,尽管数百万年的抑制重组。不能重组的性染色体,如哺乳动物的Y染色体,经常丢失基因并积累转座因子,这一过程被称为变性。在动物XY系统中,重组抑制和退化之间的相关性是明确的,但重组的缺乏与X和Y之间的其他不对称性混淆。相比之下,紫外线性染色体,如苔藓植物中发现的染色体,经历对称的种群遗传条件。在这里,我们产生了几乎无间隙的女性和男性染色体规模的参考基因组的苔藓Ceratodon purpureus测试退化的bratelete UV性染色体。我们发现苔藓的性染色体在3亿多年前进化,并通过两个染色体融合而扩展。虽然性染色体表现出较弱的纯化选择比常染色体,我们发现,抑制重组本身是不足以驱动退化。相反,U型和V型性染色体上有数千个广泛表达的基因,包括陆地植物性发育的许多关键调控因子。
Moss sex chromosomes retain thousands of broadly expressed genes despite millions of years of suppressed recombination. Nonrecombining sex chromosomes, like the mammalian Y, often lose genes and accumulate transposable elements, a process termed degeneration. The correlation between suppressed recombination and degeneration is clear in animal XY systems, but the absence of recombination is confounded with other asymmetries between the X and Y. In contrast, UV sex chromosomes, like those found in bryophytes, experience symmetrical population genetic conditions. Here, we generate nearly gapless female and male chromosome-scale reference genomes of the moss Ceratodon purpureus to test for degeneration in the bryophyte UV sex chromosomes. We show that the moss sex chromosomes evolved over 300 million years ago and expanded via two chromosomal fusions. Although the sex chromosomes exhibit weaker purifying selection than autosomes, we find that suppressed recombination alone is insufficient to drive degeneration. Instead, the U and V sex chromosomes harbor thousands of broadly expressed genes, including numerous key regulators of sexual development across land plants.
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