The effect of piling behavior on the production and mortality of free-range laying hens.
The effect of piling behavior on the production and mortality of free-range laying hens.
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堆积行为对自由放养母鸡的生产和死亡率的影响。
DOI：
10.1016/j.psj.2023.102989
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发表时间：
2023-10
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Gray, Helen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Armstrong, David;Asher, Lucy;Rayner, Ann;Ngidda, Halima;Sharma, Bryony;Gray, Helen
堆鸡是一群密集的母鸡，这是非笼养鸡蛋行业主要关注的行为。它可能导致大量死亡，在这一点上它被认为是令人窒息的。这项研究的目的是量化打桩是否也会对生产和非窒息死亡率产生影响，这是以前没有描述过的。此外，我们的目的是描述与管理相关的打桩行为特征。12个蛋鸡群的视频片段被分析了3周内的打桩行为。使用综合在线管理系统访问生产和死亡率数据。贝叶斯线性混合效应模型被用来对打桩和生产之间的关系进行正式的统计检验。对于一些缺失的数据，总共分析了252d，总计约15624小时，以确定是否存在打桩行为，我们认为这是迄今为止科学文献中对打桩行为进行的最大规模的分析。所有观察到的鸡群都表现出堆积行为，即使它们没有窒息的历史。平均而言，鸟群每天堆积4次以上，每个事件持续约44分钟，打桩高峰期出现在1300至1359年间。我们发现，打桩事件的数量与第二天产生的鸡蛋数量减少有关；基于平均每天4堆，这意味着每天每1000只鸟少产7.35个鸡蛋。与我们的假设相反，我们发现每天的总打桩时间与B级鸡蛋的数量呈正相关，每天每打桩1小时，B级鸡蛋减少0.74个。没有观察到打桩和死亡之间的关系，这不归因于窒息。我们讨论了这些结果的可能原因和解释，包括鸟类对压力的反应、人群动态和日常节律。在这里，我们展示了打桩行为对生产产生亚致命后果的可能性，即使没有与窒息相关的死亡。
Piling, a dense cluster of hens, is a behavior of major concern to the cage-free egg industry. It can cause large numbers of mortalities at which point it is considered smothering. The aim of this study was to quantify whether piling can also have consequences on production and non-smothering mortalities, which have not previously been described. Additionally, we aimed to describe characteristics of piling behavior relevant to for management. Video footage from 12 flocks of laying hens was analyzed for piling behavior across 3 wks. Production and mortality data were accessed using an integrated online management system. Bayesian linear mixed-effect models were used for formal statistical testing of the relationships between piling and production. Accounting for some missing data, a total of 252 d amounting to approximately 15,624 h were analyzed for the presence or absence of piling behavior, which we believe constitutes the largest analysis of piling behavior in the scientific literature to date. All flocks observed exhibited piling behavior even if they had no history of smothering. On average, flocks piled more than 4 times per day for around 44 min per event and the peak piling time occurred between 1300 and 1359. We found that the number of piling events was associated with a reduction in the number of eggs produced the next day; based on the average of 4 piles per day this amounted to 7.35 fewer eggs per 1,000 birds per day. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found total piling duration per day was positively associated with fewer Grade B eggs, with a decrease of 0.74 Grade B eggs for every hour of piling per day. No relationship was observed between piling and mortality not attributed to smothering. We discuss possible causes and explanations for these results including birds’ response to stress, crowd dynamics, and daily rhythms. Here we show the potential for piling behavior to have sublethal consequences on production even in the absence of smothering-related deaths.
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