Dissociation between working memory performance and proactive interference control in post-traumatic stress disorder.
Dissociation between working memory performance and proactive interference control in post-traumatic stress disorder.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.01.005
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发表时间：
2017-03
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Turken AU
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Swick D;Cayton J;Ashley V;Turken AU
据报道，除了过度警觉、重新体验和回避创伤提醒等临床症状外，创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 还存在工作记忆 (WM) 和认知控制过程缺陷。鉴于侵入性记忆的不可控性，一个重要的问题是 PTSD 是否与 WM 干扰控制改变有关。一些研究还表明，情景记忆在创伤后应激障碍中表现出特定材料的分离，言语记忆受损更大，非言语记忆相对较少。目前尚不清楚这种分离是否适用于 WM，因为没有研究在材料中使用相同的任务参数。在这里，我们在最近的一项探测 WM 任务中测试了 29 名患有 PTSD 的退伍军人和 29 名年龄匹配的对照退伍军人，其中单词和视觉模式位于不同的块中。参与者研究了四个项目组，然后是前一组中出现的（最近的探测）或没有（非最近的探测）中出现的探测刺激。患有创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的参与者比对照组犯了更多的错误，这种减少对于语言和视觉刺激来说是相似的。最近出现但不再相关的项目的主动干扰在 PTSD 组中没有显着差异，并且与重新经历症状严重程度没有关系。这些结果表明，当使用非情绪刺激时，PTSD 与 WM 中不相关表征的侵入增加并没有可靠的关联。未来使用创伤相关材料的研究可能会深入了解困扰创伤后应激障碍患者的闪回和侵入性想法。
Deficits in working memory (WM) and cognitive control processes have been reported in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in addition to clinical symptoms such as hypervigilance, re-experiencing, and avoidance of trauma reminders. Given the uncontrollable nature of intrusive memories, an important question is whether PTSD is associated with altered control of interference in WM. Some studies also suggest that episodic memory shows a material-specific dissociation in PTSD, with greater impairments in verbal memory and relative sparing of nonverbal memory. It is unclear whether this dissociation applies to WM, as no studies have used identical task parameters across material. Here we tested 29 combat Veterans with PTSD and 29 age-matched control Veterans on a recent probes WM task with words and visual patterns in separate blocks. Participants studied four-item sets, followed by a probe stimulus that had been presented in the previous set (recent probe) or not (nonrecent probe). Participants with PTSD made more errors than controls, and this decrement was similar for verbal and visual stimuli. Proactive interference from items recently presented, but no longer relevant, was not significantly different in the PTSD group and showed no relationship to re-experiencing symptom severity. These results demonstrate that PTSD is not reliably associated with increased intrusions of irrelevant representations into WM when non-emotional stimuli are used. Future studies that use trauma-related material may provide insight into the flashbacks and intrusive thoughts that plague those with PTSD.
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